真正地理标志保护的实质与我国地理标志统一立法
王笑冰真正地理标志保护的实质与我国地理标志统一立法
The Nature of Genuine GI Protection and the Unitary Legislation on GI in China
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：王笑冰
单位：山东大学法学院
中文关键词：地理标志;原产地名称;产品保护;商标法;反不正当竞争法
英文关键词：geographical indications; appellations of origin; product protection; trademark law; anti-unfair competition law
中文摘要：
真正的地理标志是独立类型的智力成果,其本质是产品类别而非商业标记,其制度是产品保护制度而非标记保护规则。地理标志的稀缺性、非工业性和公共属性均为产品类别特性,其溢价效应、传统文化技艺保护和地方发展帮扶功能均通过产品保护实现。真正地理标志制度在名称通用化、声誉属性、保护范围以及与商标的关系等方面均遵循产品法理逻辑,在职权归口、表达形式、确权审查、执法监管乃至域外效力方面的规则机制均以产品合规性监管为核心,属于公法范畴。产品保护与标记保护在实定法中的折中调和是国际实力政治妥协的结果。不论地理标志专门保护、商标保护还是综合性立法保护,根据制度的属性导向,可分为产品保护模式、商业标记模式和混合模式。我国地理标志统一立法应采产品保护模式,在质量治理体系下把现行专门制度整合为专门法,并将地理标志从私法中剥离出来,使地理标志商标保护退出产品领域并回归商业标记制度。
英文摘要：
As a separate type of intellectual achievement, genuine geographical indications(GIs) are essentially product categories rather than commercial marks and the legislation on them is a product protection system rather than a mark protection institution. The scarcity, non-industrialization and public character of GIs are the characteristics of product categories, and their premium effect, culture protection and local development support functions must be realized through product protection. The genuine GI system follows the legal logic of products in terms of name genericide, reputation attributes, the scope of protection and relationship with trademarks, and its mechanisms in terms of the attribution of authority, the forms of expression, confirmation review, administrative control, and even extraterritorial effect are all centered on product compliance supervision, which belongs to public law. The compromise between product protection and mark protection in positive laws is the result of a contest of international realpolitik. Sui generis legislation, trademark law and comprehensive industrial property code providing GI protection, according to the attribute orientation, could be divided into product protection, commercial mark protection, and hybrid mode. In the unitary legislation on GIs, China should adhere to the mode of product protection and integrate the current sui generis legislation into a sui generis law under the quality management system. GIs should be separated from private law so that the protection of GI trademarks could be withdrawn from the field of product regime and subject to the rules of commercial indications.
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