信用惩戒适用行为人责任的法理及其限度
伏创宇信用惩戒适用行为人责任的法理及其限度
The Jurisprudence and Limitation of the Actor’s Responsibility in the Application of Credit Punishment
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：伏创宇
单位：中国社会科学院大学法学院
中文关键词：社会信用体系;信用惩戒;行政处罚;行为人责任;失信
英文关键词：social credit system; credit punishment; administrative penalty; the responsibility of the actor; breach of credibility
中文摘要：
经典的行政行为形式理论与行政行为约束机制,能在一定程度上防止信用惩戒权的恣意扩张,但仍不足以充分约束信用惩戒。相当数量的信用惩戒措施适用了行为人责任的归责方式,具有人格归责的属性,而经典行政行为主要适用行为责任。适用了行为人责任的信用惩戒,在一定程度上超出了经典行政法机制的调控范围,应在厘清行为人责任与行为责任之关系的基础上,有针对性地对信用惩戒施以约束。行为人责任在信用惩戒中的适用,有间接适用和直接适用两种方式。间接适用行为人责任的信用惩戒,是对经典行政行为方式的革新,应当在遵循行政合法性要求的基础上,服务于更好地履行行政任务,围绕行政活动目的来设定。直接适用行为人责任的信用惩戒,应当着眼于违法预防和保护重大社会公共利益,以行为责任不足以实现违法预防之目的为前提,遵循成本效益原则来设定。
英文摘要：
The application of the classical theory of legal forms of administrative acts and the restraint mechanisms of administrative acts can prevent the arbitrary expansion of the credit punishment power to a certain extent, but they are still insufficient to fully constrain credit punishment. The responsibility of the actor, which applies to a considerable number of credit punishments, is aimed at the illegal personality of the actor, while the responsibility of acts is mainly applicable to classical administrative activities. The application of the responsibility of the actor in credit punishment goes beyond the adjustment range of the classical administrative law mechanism to a certain extent. Targeted constraining credit punishment requires clarifying the relationship between the responsibility of the actor and the responsibility of acts. There are two ways of applying the responsibility of the actor in credit punishment, i.e., indirect application and direct application. The former represents an innovation of classical administrative acts, that is, while meeting the requirements of administrative legality, it serves to better fulfill administrative tasks and is set around the purpose of administrative activities. The latter should focus on preventing law violations and protecting significant social public interests. It should be set according to the principle of cost-effectiveness under the precondition that the responsibility of acts is insufficient to achieve the purpose of preventing law violations.
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