中国法律语境中的国家政策概念
彭中礼中国法律语境中的国家政策概念
The Concept of State Policy in the Context of Chinese Law
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：彭中礼
单位：中南大学法学院
中文关键词：国家政策;行政权;司法裁判;规范性文件;效力位阶
英文关键词：state policy; administrative power; judicial adjudication; normative document; validity hierarchy
中文摘要：
在当代中国,国家政策具有权威性和灵活性,对经济社会发展具有重要意义,深刻影响着法治建设进程。立法机关将某些国家政策引入法律法规之中,目的在于满足国家和社会治理的灵活性需求。司法机关对于法律文本中的国家政策概念理解较为宽泛,大多数国家机关制定的规范性文件都可能被识别为国家政策,并被裁判文书予以援引。在社会治理范畴,国家政策的灵活运用与法的稳定性之间存在张力,有必要明确国家政策制定权的性质,厘清国家政策的内涵与外延,避免国家政策的泛化与滥用。基于法律与政策关系的历史演变,应将制定国家政策的权力限定为行政权。相应地,法律实践中的国家政策应限定为有行政权的国家机关,为实现特定公共目标而制定的、在一定时期内具有普遍指导意义且能反复适用的规范或准则,此类国家政策以规范性文件为载体,其核心内容能够对社会公众的利益产生直接或者间接的影响。
英文摘要：
In contemporary China, state policies are authoritative and flexible, which are of great significance to economic and social development and profoundly affect the process of construction of the rule of law. Legislatures introduce certain state policies into laws and administrative regulations in order to meet the need for flexibility in state and social governance. Judicial organs have a broad understanding of the concept of state policy in legal text and may identify the normative documents formulated by most state organs as state policies and invoke them in judgment documents. In the realm of social governance, there is a tension between the flexible use of state policies and the stability of law. It is necessary to clarify the nature of state policy-making power, define the connotation and extension of state policies, and avoid the generalization and abuse of state policies. Based on the historical evolution of the relationship between law and policy, the power to formulate state policies should be limited to the executive power. Correspondingly, state policies in the legal practice should be limited to the norms or standards formulated by state organs with executive power to achieve specific public goals, which have universal guiding significance and can be applied repeatedly in a certain period of time. Such state policies take normative documents as the carriers, whose core content can have a direct or indirect impact on the interests of the public.
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