中国古代民间规约引论
刘笃才中国古代民间规约引论
Introduction to Folk Regulations in Ancient China
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：刘笃才
单位：辽宁大学法学院
中文关键词：中国古代民间规约;乡约;乡规;慈善组织规约
英文关键词：folk regulations in ancient China;countryside ordinances;countryside regulations;bylaws of civil charities
中文摘要：
通过对古代乡村民间规约演变过程的考察,可以看到中国古代民间规约的历史存在形态:唐代后期的社邑规约、宋明时期妁乡约、明末清初产生的民间慈善组织规约和清代晚期的乡规,以及四者之间的区别与联系。民间规约既不同于私人契约,又不同于国家法律,是民间社会组织的自治规范。民间规约是国家法律的补充,它的产生,标志着公共领域不仅为国家所独占。由于中国是一个乡土社会,民间社团组织的发展和发挥作用的空间极为有限,但民间规约在组织协调人际关系、建立稳定和谐社会秩序方面仍然具有积极意义。
英文摘要：
Examining the evolving process of folk regulations in ancient countryside, we could see the historical forms of folk regulations in ancient countryside, i. e. the community bylaws in late Tang Dynasty, the countryside ordinances in Song and Ming Dynasty, the bylaws of civil charities at transition period of Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, and the countryside regulations in late Qing Dynasty. The folk regulations,differing from either contracts between private persons or laws enacted by the government,are the autonomy rules of civil social organizations, supplementing the state's laws. The birth of folk regulations indicated that the public field was not monopolized by the state any more. Folk regulations played active functions in the coordination of personal relationships and the establishment of harmonized social order.
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