“大证据学”的建构及其学理

“大证据学”的建构及其学理

    期刊名称：《法学研究》
    期刊年份：
    作者：龙宗智
    单位：西南政法大学
    中文关键词：事实;证据;证明;方法
    英文关键词：fact;evidence;proof;approach
    中文摘要：
    证据学关注事实的证明，而事实是一个多义概念。证据有抽象形态与具体形态，只能对具体形态的证据提出资格要求。证明一词具有他向性，证明的必要性是“他者”对待证事实不明。由于受到证据来源、证明方法等限制，事实证明具有一定程度的不确定性。由于不确定性的消除与证明资源的耗费成正比，因此在证明中应当区分严格证明与自由证明。证实与证伪是证明的途径。推定与证明责任机制用以应对真伪不明。证明基本方法包括经验的方法、逻辑与非逻辑的方法以及与之相关的心证方法、解释学方法等。建立由基础证据学与部门证据学构成的“大证据学”体系，有利于深化法证据学等部门证据学的研究。
    英文摘要：
    The Study of Evidence pays great attention to the proof of facts, while "fact" is rich in meaning. Evidence can be in abstract forms or concrete forms, and we can only make competence requirements on concrete evidence. The necessity of proof comes from the unclear relationship between "other things" and the facts to be proved. Affected by the sources of evidence and approaches of proof , the proof of facts is to a certain degree uncertain. Because the removal of uncertainty is in direct proportion to the consumption of proof resources, we should distinguish "strict proof" and "free proof" in practice. Proof and falsification are both ways of proof. Presumption and the mechanism of burden of proof are used to handle the uncertain state. The basic approaches of proof include empirical approaches, logic or non-logic approaches and relative approaches to evaluate evidences and to interpret. To establish a "General Study of Evidence"，which is based on the study of evidence in various departments of law，would help deepen the study of evidence in various departments of law.
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