中国土地征收补偿标准研究 基于地方立法文本的分析
屈茂辉,周志芳中国土地征收补偿标准研究 基于地方立法文本的分析
A Study on Compensation Standard for Expropriation in China
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：屈茂辉,周志芳
单位：湖南大学法学院;湖南大学法学院
中文关键词：征收补偿;年产值倍数;区片综合地价;公平补偿
英文关键词：compensation for expropriation;standard;multiples of annual production;regional integrated price of land;just compensation
中文摘要：
地方立法中的征收补偿条款在一定程度上决定着我国土地征收补偿标准的实际状况。从对地方立法文本中关于征收补偿标准的立法权行使状况和内容构成的统计分析来看，我国征收补偿的立法层级很低，地方立法文本的补偿条款具有高度不确定性，年产值倍数法仍然是占主导地位的补偿模式，补偿倍数总体不高，政策性文件和立法存在冲突。我国今后应当对土地征收统一立法，确立按市场价值公平补偿的原则，构建合理的征收补偿权力制约机制，明确征收补偿标准的计算公式，对集体土地所有权人和用益物权人分别进行补偿。
英文摘要：
Fair and reasonable compensation standard is one of the core elements for the justification of expropriation, and the actual implementation of compensation standards in China is directly determined by local legislations. Based on the statistical analysis of 83 local legislative texts related to compensation standards, this article tries to draw a complete and accurate picture of the status quo of China’s compensation standard for expropriation.The data shows that a comparatively high percentage of local legislations hold ambiguous attitude toward specific compensation criteria or authorize lower rank regulations to provide it, and thus the municipal and county governments become the actual decision-makers of specific criteria for compensation. Meanwhile, there are a certain percentage of local legislations which are greatly effected by the national policy instead of the Land Management Law of China. Though the national policy of regional integrated price of land has significant impact on local legislations about compensation model, multiples of annual production criteria is still adopted by most of the local legislations. In addition, the average compensating multiple for land and settling subsidy provided by local governments is not high, only half of the ceiling multiple settled by the Land Management Law. More over, the Property Law of China clearly distinguishes the compensation for ownership and the compensation for the right of beneficial use of land, but none of local legislations, including those enacted after the Property Law, provides separate compensation for rural collective land ownership and the right of beneficial use of land. To solve the aforementioned problems, the Real Estate Expropriation Law should be drafted as soon as possible, and it should establish the fair principle of compensation for expropriation based on market value, clearly stipulate the scope of compensation, restrict legislative power about compensation standard, and set a specific formula for calculating compensation after considering the comprehensive factors relating to land value, etc. In order to avoid the adverse effects of excessively strong executive power and to ensure good operation of the Real Estate Expropriation Law, an operation mechanism of checks and balances of legislative, judicial and executive power should be established.
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