土地征收审批的正当程序改革
刘国乾土地征收审批的正当程序改革
Reforming Examination and Approval on Land Expropriation by Due Process
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：刘国乾
单位：北京大学法学院
中文关键词：土地征收审批;正当程序;具体行政行为;土地管理法
英文关键词：examination and approval on land expropriation;due process;specific administrative act;land management law
中文摘要：
程序正当是土地征收理应遵循的原则，实践中的改革已使报批前的准备阶段包含正当程序要素，然而公告之前的征收审批是否也应遵循该原则却有争议。征收审批内部程序运作的技术性设置不能改变其具体行政行为的属性，而其在实质上还具有对土地权利变动进行裁决的功能。征收审批的行为属性和功能属性理论上均要求引入正当程序。现行征收审批是由申请机关单方主宰信息的封闭决策过程，这导致审批机关缺乏第三方信息对报批材料进行验证。提高审批实效的要求呼唤引入正当程序作为信息传导机制。审批机关可利用拟被征收人表达异议或抗辩的信息弥补无法观测到申请机关行为的局限，增强对报批材料的核实能力。
英文摘要：
The due process principle should be followed in land expropriation. In practice, some efforts have been made to embed the elements of due process into the preparation phase before submitting for approval. However, it is not certain whether the principle should be abided by or not in the phase of examination and approval on land expropriation before announcement.Advocating the introduction of due process must overcome the theory obstacle that examination and approval on expropriation is the internal administrative procedure. In fact, the technical setting of its operation in the internal procedure cannot mask its attribute as a specific administrative act. In terms of its function, it involves the adjudication of whether the property rights on the land should be shifted or not. Theoretically, the behavioral and functional attributes require that its process should be due.The existing examination and approval on expropriation is a close system in which the source of information is dominated by the local authority who applies for approval. Thus the approving authority lacks the information from the third-party and does not have the substantive capacity to examine the materials submitted for approval. The need to improve the actual effect of examination and approval on expropriation also calls for the introduction of due process as a signaling mechanism. The approving authority can make use of the information included in the objection or defenses expressed by those whose land would be expropriated, to overcome its limitation in observing the behavior of the applying authority and enhance its ability to examine the documents for approving.
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