法院地国家国内法中的冲突规则与国际条约的关系
陈卫佐法院地国家国内法中的冲突规则与国际条约的关系
Relationship between Conflict Rules of the Forum State’s Domestic Law and International Treaties
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：陈卫佐
单位：清华大学法学院
中文关键词：法院地国家;国内法;国际条约;冲突规则
英文关键词：Forum State;domestic law;international treaty;conflict rule
中文摘要：
法院地国家国内法中的冲突规则和已对该国生效的国际条约中的冲突规则同属该国国际私法的渊源。多数国家的国际私法制定法均有优先适用国际条约中的冲突规则的规定，但其国际私法分则对国际条约中的冲突规则的处理方式则主要有三种不同的立法模式。在裁判涉外民事案件的实践中，实体法解决办法有别于冲突法解决办法，仅在案件不符合国际统一实体私法条约的适用条件的情形下，才能依法院地国家国内法的冲突规则确定准据法。涉外合同的双方当事人选择已对法院地国家和其他缔约国生效的国际条约并不等于选择了合同准据法。而如果涉外合同的双方当事人选择了尚未对法院地国家生效、但已对两个或两个以上其他国家生效的国际条约，则只能视为对无法律约束力的“非国家规则” 的选择。由于“程序问题适用法院地法”，涉外民事案件的程序事项既不适用冲突规则，也不适用实体私法规则。法院地国家国内法的冲突规则不会同国际条约中的国际民事程序法规则发生抵触。
英文摘要：
Conflict rules of the Forum State's domestic law and those contained in the international treaties that have entered into force in the State comprise sources of its private international law. The private international law statutes of most States contain provisions that prioritize the application of the conflict rules contained in the international treaties, yet there are three primary legislative models dealing with the conflict between the two different types of conflict rules. In the practice of adjudicating civil cases involving foreign elements, resolutions of substantive law differ from those of conflict law. Courts enjoying international jurisdiction over a civil case involving foreign elements have to examine first the applicative conditions of international uniform substantive private law treaties. Only if the case does not comply with the applicative conditions of such treaties may the applicable law be determined based on the conflict rules of the Forum State's domestic law. The choice of an international treaty that has entered into force in the Forum State and other contracting States by the parties to a contract involving foreign elements is not equal to the choice of the law applicable to the contract. Further, if the parties to a contract involving foreign elements have chosen an international treaty that has not yet entered into force in the Forum State but has entered into force in two or more foreign States, they are deemed to have chosen legally non-binding "non-state rules". Courts still have to determine the law applicable to the contract in accordance with the conflict rules of the Forum State's domestic law. Due to the principle that "procedural matters shall be governed by lex fori", procedural matters are governed neither by conflict rules nor by substantive private law rules. The conflict rules of the Forum State's domestic law are not in conflict with the international civil procedure law rules contained in the international treaties.
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