最高人民法院关于无效行政行为的探索

最高人民法院关于无效行政行为的探索

Exploration on Invalid Administrative Action by Supreme People’s Court

    期刊名称：《法学研究》
    期刊年份：
    作者：叶必丰
    单位：上海交通大学法学院
    中文关键词：无效行政行为;重大明显瑕疵;最高人民法院
    英文关键词：invalid administrative action;great and significant flaws;Supreme People’s Court
    中文摘要：
    最高人民法院从司法审查引发出对无效行政行为制度的探索，虽没有使用“自始没有任何法律效力”和“无效”等概念，却在民事诉讼领域形成了有关基础行为的构成要件，在对行政行为的司法审查中形成了重大明显瑕疵的类型化和明显性判断标准，并形成了排除具有重大明显瑕疵行政行为公定力、相对人拘束力和司法强制执行力的无效行政行为制度雏形，为我国今后立法积累了丰富的素材。从最高人民法院的探索轨迹及其重大明显瑕疵的类型化，可以发现无效行政行为规则的鲜明中国特色，司法的制度生成意义和生成机制。
    英文摘要：
    The system of invalid administrative action has not been established in China's written law yet, but the Supreme People's Court has made long-term exploration on it in individual cases and judicial interpretations based on the need of judicial review. Although the exploration did not use notions like "void ab initio" or "invalidation", it was actually practicing the basic contents and functions of invalid administrative action system.First of all, the substantive administrative action that can subsume case facts and legal effects could be used as criteria of judging fundamental actions in civil actions, if there existed mandatory legal provisions or agreements made by two parties. Secondly, in civil, criminal and administrative actions, the Supreme People's Court insisted that administrative action with great and significant flaws shall not restrict relevant judicial sentences, arbitration decisions and administrative actions. It also shall not restrict citizens, legal persons and other social organizations, and could not be enforced by judiciary. Thirdly, the Supreme People's Court discovered criteria for judging invalid administrative action, including obvious lack of substantiation, obvious lack of law and regulation basis, and other obvious illegal circumstances that damage legitimate rights and interests of persons subject to enforcement.The practice and exploration by the Supreme People's Court has formed a system embryo of invalid administrative action, and provided abundant materials for formal legislation in the future. Viewing from the exploring path of the Supreme People's Court and the categorization of great and significant flaws, we can find distinctive Chinese characteristics in the rules of invalid administrative action, and the significance of system generation and generating mechanism in judiciary.
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