船舶优先权与海事赔偿责任限制的价值冲突与协调
傅廷中船舶优先权与海事赔偿责任限制的价值冲突与协调
Value Conflict of Maritime Lien and Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims and Way to Harmonize
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：傅廷中
单位：清华大学法学院
中文关键词：船舶优先权;海事赔偿责任限制;海事赔偿责任限制基金
英文关键词：maritime lien;limitation of liability for maritime claims;fund of limitation
中文摘要：
在海商法体系中，船舶优先权与海事赔偿责任限制是具有鲜明特色的两项制度。学界有人认为两项制度是并行不悖的关系，亦有人认为在适用法律时若发生冲突，前者应该让位于后者。从理论上讲，两种制度的性质不同、功能各异，不能混为一谈。基于物权法定原则，海事赔偿责任限制不具有消灭船舶优先权的功能。基于部门法的职能分工，没有理由以程序性规则抵消实体法的制度设计。从实践角度看，由于潜在于法律中的协调机制的作用，两种制度的价值冲突完全可以自行得到消解，所谓承认优先权人的优先地位会损害其他海事请求人的受偿机会这一问题，在客观上并不存在。
英文摘要：
Under the maritime legal system, the maritime lien and the limitation of liability for maritime claims are two systems with distinct characteristics. In academic circles, some scholars deem that the two systems can be described as in the relationship of not mutual exclusion, while some other persons suggest that in case of conflict between the two systems in the application of law, the former should automatically give its way to the latter.Nevertheless, in the legal theory, there are fundamental differences in the nature and function of the two systems, thus they should not be lumped together. In accordance with the principle that the real right should be determined by legislation, the system of the limitation of liability for maritime claims has not the function to extinguish the maritime lien. According to the division of functions in legal branches, there are no reasons to eliminate the arrangement in the substantive law with the procedural law. Furthermore, from the angle of practice, due to the function of the latent mechanisms for harmonization in the legal system, the conflict between the two systems can be automatically diminished by itself, and the so called problem that the recognition of the preferential position of the maritime lien on the fund of limitation will deprive other maritime claimants from the opportunity of obtaining compensation, does not exist in fact.In the current legal system, the way to harmonize the two systems may be as follows. As to the unlimited maritime claims but secured by the maritime lien, the claimants may still claim on the lien. As far as the limited maritime claims also secured by the maritime lien, the claimants may still claim for priority in the fund of limitation. But due to the limited amount of the fund, even the claimants cannot obtain adequate compensation from the fund, they may not further claim on the ship or other properties of the claimees.
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