城市化与“入城”集体土地的归属
黄忠城市化与“入城”集体土地的归属
Urbanization and the Ownership of “Urbanized” Collectively-Owned Land
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：黄忠
单位：西南政法大学民商法学院
中文关键词：城市化;城中村;集体建设用地流转;市民化;宪法
英文关键词：urbanization;urban village;the circulation of collectively-owned land for construction;urbanization of people;constitution
中文摘要：
随着城市化的发展，无论是“城中村”抑或集体建设用地的流转，还是农民就地的自主城镇化，均会引发“入城”后集体土地如何归属的宪法难题。从城乡土地所有权二元格局、各农村集体地权实现能力的差异以及我国社会主义的性质考虑，长远来看，宪法第10条第1款关于城市土地归国家所有的规定仍应维持。但基于我国长期实行的城乡二元体制对农民权益严重不利的事实和新型城镇化的要求，则需要以人的市民化，尤其是农民的真正市民化为基础，来对宪法第10条第1款作出新的理解，即当某一个城市的公民（尤其是原来的农民）均得享有平等的政治、经济、社会等各项权利时，该“入城”的集体土地才能属于国家所有。这一解释不仅可以避免修法，维护宪法权威，而且也有助于农民市民化和新型城镇化战略的推进，合乎宪法上国家所有的内在要求和历史使命。
英文摘要：
While Article 10 Paragraph 1 of the Chinese Constitution stipulates that land in cities is owned by the state, the phenomenon of "urban villages", the circulation of collectively-owned land for construction, and in situ self-urbanization of rural areas will all lead to difficult constitutional issues about the ownership of "urbanized" collective land in the process of urbanization. Given the urban-rural dual system of land ownership, the differences in the ability to realize collective ownership of land in different rural areas, and the socialist nature of the country, the state-ownership of land in cities provided for in Article 10 Paragraph 1 of the Constitution should be upheld in the long run. However, in view of the demand for new type of rural urbanization and the serious damages to farmers' rights caused by long-term implementation of the urban-rural dual system, it is necessary to give a new interpretation to Article 10 Paragraph 1 of the Constitution in light of the urbanization of people, especially farmers. That is to say, the ownership of an "urbanized" collectively-owned land could be transferred to the State only when all the citizens in a city, especially urbanized farmers, enjoy equal economic, social and cultural rights. Such an interpretation can not only avoid the revision and uphold the authority of the Constitution, but also contribute to the urbanization of farmers and the implementation of the strategy of new rural urbanization. It is also in line with the inherent requirements and historical task of the system of state ownership.
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