界定行政处罚行为的功能性考量路径

界定行政处罚行为的功能性考量路径

Functional Consideration in Defining Administrative Punishment

    期刊名称：《法学研究》
    期刊年份：
    作者：陈鹏
    单位：
    中文关键词：争议性行政措施;行政处罚;个案考量;行政处罚法
    英文关键词：controversial administrative measure;administrative punishment;individual case consideration;administrative punishment law
    中文摘要：
    “制裁性”不能成为在个案中界定某种行政措施是否属于行政处罚的标准,因制裁性标准的两个要素,即行政相对人行为的“违法性”和行政措施为相对人施加“额外不利效果”,本身并不周全.是否将某种有争议的行政措施视作行政处罚,关联着能否实现相关立法所期待的维护行政相对人的权利和利益、确保依法行政、确保行政管理的有效性、维护法的安定性以及实现程序经济原则等功能.在大体维持形式性界定标准的前提下,将没有必要进入个案的功能要素予以裁减,进而考量各种相冲突的功能的重要性,并借此作出判断,是在个案中界定行政处罚行为的可由之路.在相关判决不断积累的基础上对案件进行类型化处理,能够使此种功能性考量逐步走向理性化.
    英文摘要：
    “Sanction” should not be used as the criterion to determine whether an administrative measure is an administrative punishment or not in individual cases because the two elements of sanction, the “illegality” of administrative counterpart's behavior and the “additional adverse effect” of an administrative measure on the counterpart, are themselves incomplete. Whether a controversial administrative measure is deemed as an administrative punishment has a direct bearing on the probability of achieving the expected results of the relevant statutes, such as upholding administrative counterparts' rights and interests, ensuring law-based administration, guaranteeing the effectiveness of administration, maintaining the stability of law, and realizing the principle of procedural economy. The appropriate approach to the determination of administrative punishment in individual cases might be maintaining formal criteria of determination while cutting down on the functional elements which are unnecessary to be taken into account in individual cases, and hence focusing on the significance of the various conflicting functions by which the conclusions could be drawn. Categorizing cases on the basis of accumulation of relevant judgments enable such functional consideration to become rationalized gradually.
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