关联性要素与地理标志法的构造
王笑冰关联性要素与地理标志法的构造
Requisite of Linkage and Construction of GI Legislation
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：王笑冰
单位：
中文关键词：地理标志;原产地名称;关联性;商标法;不正当竞争法
英文关键词：geographical indications;appellations of origin;linkage;trademark law;anti-unfair competition law
中文摘要：
产品与产地的关联性是地理标志的核心要素,其重要性好比独创性之于作品、新颖性之于专利、显著性之于商标,是构建地理标志独立理论的基础。对于关联性要素存在主、客观两种理解,分别构成反不正当竞争等一般法保护和专门法保护的理念基础。主、客观关联性塑造了不同的地理标志概念,其各自构建的地理标志制度在适用产品范围、产地划定、关联性证明、专家审查、监控和保护等方面均存在明显差异,体现了地理标志保护公、私权之分野和不同政策取向。我国存在地理标志保护多重立法,其地理标志定义逻辑混乱,制度设计扭曲,彼此缺乏配合支持。应根据关联性要素并结合我国的政策导向进行制度重构,整合建立统一的地理标志专门法,删除商标法之地理标志定义中的“自然因素或者人文因素”之表述,采取专门法保护为主、商标法保护为辅,彼此协调共存的模式。
英文摘要：
In the concept of geographical indications (GIs), the linkage between products and their geographical origins is the key factor whose significance to GI legislation is the same as that of originality to copyright law, novelty to patent law and distinctiveness to trademark law. However, there are two different interpretations of the linkage, i.e. subjective linkage and objective linkage. The subjective linkage refers to the impression of the relevant consumers that the product designated by a GI emanates from a specific geographical area whereas the objective linkage means that the natural and human factors of a particular region bring about the products' specific quality or other characteristics. The subjective linkage constitutes the basis of GI protection under trademark law, anti-unfair competition law and passing-off law whereas the objective linkage constitutes the legal basis for the sui generis protection of GIs. The different interpretations of the linkage conduce to different definitions of GI and diverse legal systems for the recognition and protection of GIs under which there are different scopes of applicable products, distinct methods of determination of production areas, diverse requirements for the demonstration of the causal nexus between the products and their geographical origins, and divergent arrangements for expert examination, administration and legal protection. The distinct systems demonstrate not only the demarcation between the public and private rights but also the different policy orientations of the Old World and New World countries. The three separate legislations for GI protection in China, i.e. the Trademark Law, the Provisions on the Protection of GI Products and the Measures for Administration of GIs of Agricultural Products, provide for diverse but illogical definitions of GIs and incongruous systems for the recognition and protection GIs. Under the guidance of the theory of linkage, the Provisions on the Protection of GI Products and the Measures for Administration of GIs of Agricultural Products shall be integrated into one sui generis system which could coexist with the Trademark Law. The protection for GIs under the sui generis system and the Trademark Law shall be determined respectively on the basis of the objective and subjective linkages and should coordinate with each other.
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