准抽象危险犯概念之提倡
陈洪兵准抽象危险犯概念之提倡
Promotion of the Concept of Quasi-abstract Potential Damage Offense
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：陈洪兵
单位：南京师范大学法学院
中文关键词：具体危险犯;抽象危险犯;准抽象危险犯
英文关键词：concrete potential damage offense;abstract potential damage offense;quasi-abstract potential damage offense
中文摘要：
传统的危险犯二分说存在疑问, 在具体危险犯和抽象危险犯之间, 还应存在一个独立的危险犯类型——准抽象危险犯。刑法分则中规定的5个“足以”型危险犯、3个危险物质型危险犯、3个破坏公用设施型危险犯、暴力危及飞行安全罪、非法携带枪支等危及公共安全罪以及污染环境罪, 均属于准抽象危险犯。其罪状中的“足以……”、“危害公共安全”、“危及飞行安全”、“危及公共安全”以及“严重污染环境”等表述, 是对行为对象的性质或者行为本身属性的要求, 旨在使其区别于盗窃罪、故意毁坏财物罪等相关犯罪, 而非表明只有已经发生了现实、紧迫的具体危险才成立相应犯罪。
英文摘要：
Traditional theory that distinguishes between concrete potential damage offense from abstract potential damage offense by such key words as “enough to” and “endanger public security” is self-contradictory. On the one hand, it holds that dangers in concrete potential damage offense must be very specific and imminent, on the other hand, it gives up the determination of specific potential damage in concrete potential damage offense cases. There should exist between concrete potential damage offense and abstract potential damage offense a quasi-abstract potential damage offense, which needs to be determined according to the standard of concrete and substantial danger. The current Chinese Criminal Law provides for the following quasi-abstract potential damage offenses: five kinds of potential damage offense described by the key word “enough to”, three kinds potential damage offense involving dangerous substances, three kinds of potential damage offense of sabotaging public facilities, one kind of offence of endangering flight safety by means of violence, one kind of offense of endangering public safety by illegal possession of firearms, and one kind of offense of environmental pollution. Expressions used to describe these crimes, such as “enough to”, “endangering public safety”, “endangering flight safety” and “seriously polluting the environment”, are the requirements on the nature of the object of offence or the offence itself. They are aimed at distinguishing such offences from theft, intentional destruction of property and other relevant crimes, but do not mean that these offences can be constituted only if real, imminent and concrete potential damage has been caused.
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