担保物权实现的程序标的:实践、识别与制度化
任重担保物权实现的程序标的:实践、识别与制度化
On the Object of the Procedure of Security Interest Realization: Practices, Identification and Institutionalization
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：任重
单位：清华大学法学院
中文关键词：担保物权;非讼程序;民事权益争议;诉讼标的;事实预决效力
英文关键词：cases of security interest realization;non-contentious procedures;cases involving a dispute over civil rights and interests;object of litigation;pre-determinant force of facts
中文摘要：
“无民事权益争议”的界定是理解和适用担保物权实现程序的难点。我国立法和司法实践采取程序标的与相关诉讼标的的一元结构,其实质是通过向非讼程序逃逸,挤压被申请人的诉讼权利。以此为代表的诉讼案件非讼化趋势与我国多年来为了摆脱“非讼化”的当事人主义改革目标背道而弛。为了将“无民事权益争议”的法定标准落到实处,充分保障当事人的诉讼权利,应当坚持非讼标的与诉讼标的的二元格局。非讼程序并不确认民事权利义务关系,而仅产生获得执行依据的诉讼法律效果。除了非实质性异议以及程序性异议,其他民事权益争议包括对其成立与否的判断均应通过诉讼程序加以解决。为了避免预决效力对后诉当事人证明活动的不利影响以及节约司法资源,应当避免诉讼标的与非讼标的在审理范围上的高度重合。以物权法第16条为参照,考虑到超短审限和审级特征,较为稳妥的做法是将担保物权实现程序的标的原则上限于不动产抵押权,例外认可存在统一登记机构实质性审查和采取登记生效要件主义的权利质权,如上市公司股权质权。
英文摘要：
The definition of “case without a dispute over civil rights and interests” is the most important and difficult issue in the understanding and application of the procedure of security interest realization. China has adopted in its legislation and judicial practice the monist structure of procedural objects and relevant objects of action. Its essence is to restrict the right of action of the respondent. In order to achieve the delineation of the “case without a dispute over civil rights and interests”, which is the legal characteristic of the procedure of security interest realization, the dualist structure should be adhered to as the right approach to striking a balance between efficiency and the right of action. The procedure of security interest realization can only deal with the non-substantial exceptions and the procedural exceptions. Based on the old substantive theories of objects of litigation, a uniform standard on the objects of litigation and objects of special procedures can be achieved. Substantive disputes, including disputes over the existence of a substantive dispute, can only be dealt with through the civil litigation. In order to save judicial resources and to avoid negative impact of pre-definitive effectiveness, high degree of coincidence between cases of security interest realization and objects of litigation should be avoided. According to Article 16 of the Property Law, the scope of application of the procedure of security interest realization should be limited to real estate mortgage and the mortgage of the stock rights of a public company.
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