主体制度民商合一的中国路径
汪青松主体制度民商合一的中国路径
The Chinese Approach to Unification of Civil and Commercial Law in Subject Institution
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：汪青松
单位：西南政法大学民商法学院
中文关键词：民事主体;商事主体;法人;组织;民法总则
英文关键词：civil subject;commercial subject;legal person;organization;General Principles of the Civil Law
中文摘要：
成文私法体系下所谓的“民商合一”与“民商分立”之区别只是表象,商事主体制度如何回归融入民事基本法主体体系始终是大陆法系国家曾经或依然面临的共性问题。我国民法通则的主体制度设计先天不足,无法充分发挥对整个私法主体的统领功能,由此导致民事主体制度与商事主体制度形合实分,私法主体制度内部难以实现逻辑自洽。民法典制定之启动为主体制度的“纳商入民”提供了契机,但既有的“自然人＋法人”的二元构造抑或引入“第三民事主体”的三元模式都在理论或实践上面临障碍。基于对中国当代私法理论与立法积淀的充分尊重所建立的“自然人＋组织”的主体构造,兼顾了分类体系的对称性、周延性和开放性的统一,能够为民法总则的主体制度设计提供一条有效实现“纳商入民”的中国路径,同时为未来新生商事主体的融入预留制度空间。
英文摘要：
Under the statutory private law system, the difference between the so-called “unification of civil and commercial laws” and “separation of civil and commercial laws” is just a kind of surface appearance. How to integrate the commercial subject institution into the legal subject system of fundamental civil law has always been and still is a common problem faced by continental law countries. Because of the inborn deficiencies in institutional design, the legal subject system provided for in the General Principles of the Civil Law of People's Republic of China is unable to play the role of uniting all private legal subjects. As a result, civil and commercial subjects systems are united in appearance, but separated in effect and it is difficult for the whole private legal subject system to realize its logical self-consistency. The compilation of the Civil Code provides a good opportunity for Chinese civil law to bring commercial subject institution into civil law subject system. However, the existing dual legal subject structure, which consists of natural person and legal person, or the ternary legal subject structure, which adds the third civil subject to the dual legal subject structure, all face obstacles either in theory or in practice. The new dual legal subject model of natural person and organization, which is based on existing private law theory and institution of China, gives equal consideration to symmetry, distribution and openness. As such, it provides China with a better approach to bringing commercial subjects into civil law and leaves institutional space for newborn commercial legal subjects in the future.
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