中国法律传统的经济理性
夏扬中国法律传统的经济理性
Economic Rationality of Chinese Legal Tradition
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：夏扬
单位：北京师范大学法学院
中文关键词：法律传统;经济理性;生产条件;效率追求;路径依赖;信用体系
英文关键词：legal tradition;economic rationality;conditions of production;pursuit of efficiency;path dependence;credit system
中文摘要：
法律传统的形成有其规律，这个规律不仅应当从法律制度本身寻找，更应当从这个传统发生和发展所处的社会现实（特别是经济现实）中寻找。经济分析的方法同样可以运用在对法律发展过程以及法律特点的研究上。统一生产条件下的农耕经济对儒家理论指导地位的确立有着直接的贡献，而儒家理论对政府履行公共职能的要求使其这一地位得以维持并不断增强。由于经济及物质资源向统治阶层聚集，社会治理手段倾向于效率追求，刑法遂成为国家法的重要部门。法学研究传统的缺乏且当制度不能内生于社会时，路径依赖使得刑法部门长期保持这一地位。国家法的传播困境以及截然不同的社会信用体系造就了非正式制度在社会中的地位，最终对法律体系的制度构成产生影响。司法资源的有限性以及产权关系使得息讼成为国家和民间共同追求的目标。
英文摘要：
The formation of legal tradition follows its own rules, which could be found not only in the legal system itself, but also in social realities, in particular the economic reality, in which the legal tradition has formed and developed. Economic analysis can also be applied to the research on the development of law and the characteristics of this process. Agrarian economy under consolidated production conditions directly contributed to the establishment of the dominant position of Confucian theory, and the requirements put forward by Confucian theory on public functions performed by the state had upheld and continuously reinforced this status. Because of the concentration of economic and material resources in the ruling class, efficiency tended to become the main objective pursued by social governance and criminal law became an important branch of state law. Because of the lack of the tradition of legal research and the inability of institutions to be born inside society itself, path-dependence had enabled the criminal law to keep its dominant position in the Chinese legal system for a long period time. The dilemma of dissemination of state law and the distinct social credit system had contributed to the status of informal institutions in society, and eventually influenced the formation of the legal system. As a result of the limitation of judicial resources and the property rights relationship under the social credit system, "preventing litigation" became a common goal pursued by both the state and the common people.
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