生命科技时代民法中人的主体地位构造基础
汪志刚生命科技时代民法中人的主体地位构造基础
Structural Basis of the Subject Status of Human Beings in Civil Lawin an Era of Life Technology
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：汪志刚
单位：江西财经大学, 法治江西建设协同创新中心
中文关键词：民事主体;人格;人体;理性;人性尊严
英文关键词：civil subject;personality;human body;rationality;human dignity
中文摘要：
近现代民法中人的主体地位是以植根于启蒙哲学的二元对立思维下的单向度的理性人为构造基础。在经历了历史的检验之后，这种理性人观念所固有的弊端已充分显现，并因此受到了各方批判。生命科技的发展则进一步加剧了这种状况。为回应时代发展需求，民法应更新其所持的人的本质观，建构一个在价值质引导下的兼顾人的生物质、精神质、社会质和历史质的整全的人的本质观，并以此为基础来更新人的主体地位构造模式，将人的身体所具有的各项价值（本体价值、工具价值、关系生成价值和目的价值）和类的人性尊严原则对各“涉身性”人身权（含人体物权）行使的统制作用融入其体系，同时对一些与人身有关的法律制度进行必要的调整。
英文摘要：
The subject status of the human being in modern civil law is based on the concept of "one-dimensional rational man" under the dual-opposition thinking pattern, which is rooted in the philosophy of the Enlightenment. With the development of history, the inherent disadvantages of the idea of the rational man have been fully revealed. Meanwhile, the idea of the rational man has also been subjected to all kinds of theoretical criticisms and practical challenges, including challenges brought about by the development of life technologies. In response to these challenges, civil law should establish an outlook on human nature that integrates biological, spiritual, social and historical natures of human beings, and adjust and update the conceptual and methodological bases of the subject status of human beings. In this process, the civil law should take into full account the intrinsic value, instrumental value, relation-generated value, and subject value of the human body; establish a system of "capacities for dignity" to protect the subject value of the unborn and the dead; recognize the property right to human body to provide the system basis for the use of human body as things in science; take into full account the guiding function of human being's publicity for all kinds of human natures and the controlling effect of human dignity (including dignity of human as a species) on the exercise of the personal right and "property right to human body"; construct personal rights of genes and improve the power of "embodied personal rights" (including the right of living wills) to strengthen the protection of individual's personality; establish the system of guardianship of "those who lose freedom due to physiological reasons", and improve medical system, artificial reproductive system and surrogacy system to strengthen the protection of the equal status and the family status of individuals.
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