《大清新刑律》编纂过程中的立法权之争

《大清新刑律》编纂过程中的立法权之争

Struggle for Legislative Power during the Compilation of New Criminal Law of the Qing Dynasty

    期刊名称：《法学研究》
    期刊年份：
    作者：陈新宇
    单位：清华大学法学院;清华大学法学院近代法研究中心
    中文关键词：立法权;行政权;《大清新刑律》
    英文关键词：legislative power;executive power;New Criminal Law of the Qing Dynasty
    中文摘要：
    以《大清新刑律》的编纂为视角，晚清新政中的立法权之争可分为两个阶段，第一阶段是修订法律大臣与法部、大理院关于法律起草权之争，第二阶段是宪政编查馆与资政院关于法律考核权与议决权之争。立法权之争的背后受到法政机构权力之争和礼法之争双重因素的影响。在权力之争中行政权虽然势大并试图控制立法权，但双方在一定程度上仍能够自我克制。论争明确了法政新机构的职能与权限关系，基本维持了晚清预备立宪的秩序，具有积极意义。法政机构的论争可以出现妥协结果的原因，在于更高权威的存在与法政新机构中关键人员的一身多职。
    英文摘要：
    Viewing from the perspective of the compilation of the New Criminal Law of the Qing Dynasty, the power struggles between legislative and executive authorities in the political reform of Late Qing Dynasty can be divided into two stages. At the first stage, there were the scrambles for the law drafting power between chancellors responsible for the law revision, the Legal Ministry and the Supreme Court. At the second stage, there were struggles for the power of law assessment and the power of final judgment between the Constitutional Compilation Bureau and the Primary Congress. The struggle for legislative power was influenced by both the struggle between legislative and executive institutions and the struggle between the School of Feudal Ethics and the School of Law. In the struggle, both sides had shown a certain degree of self-restraint, although the executive authority was quite powerful and once attempted to take control over the legislative domain. The power struggle clarified the functions and authorities of legislative and executive institutions, basically maintained the order established during the preparation for constitutionalism in the late Qing Dynasty and therefore was indeed of some positive significance. The compromise that had been reached in the power struggle between legislative and executive authorities could be attributed to the existence of a higher authority and to the fact that the key figures in the struggle held positions in both the legislative and the executive institutions.
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