行贿罪之“谋取不正当利益”的法理内涵
车浩行贿罪之“谋取不正当利益”的法理内涵
Jurisprudential Connotation of “Seeking Illicit Interests” in the Crime of Bribery
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：车浩
单位：北京大学法学院
中文关键词：行贿罪;谋取不正当利益;新违背职务说
英文关键词：the crime of bribery;seeking illicit interests;innovative theory of “the breach of duty”
中文摘要：
“谋取不正当利益”是行贿罪解释论的核心问题。为了实现行贿罪的法益保护目的，保证行贿罪构成要件结构的完整性，应当将解释方向由行为人一端转换到国家工作人员一端，将国家工作人员是否违背职务作为判断行为人所谋取的利益是否正当的标准。由此，在立法文字上缺失的“违背职务与给予财物之间的对价关系”，就在解释论上被建构起来，被补充进行贿罪的构成要件。国家工作人员违背职务，包括违反规则与违背原则两种形式。在适用2012年“两高”《关于办理行贿刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》第12条第1款时，可以抛弃前段中关于实体违法利益的无益规定；在适用该条第2款时，应当注意规范对象已由行为人回归到国家工作人员，注意“酌情决定”与任意处置性职务行为的区分，注意违背公平、公正原则与“竞争优势”之间的关系。
英文摘要：
"Seeking illicit interests" plays a crucial role in interpreting the crime of bribery. In order to achieve the legislative purpose of protecting legal interests and ensure the integrity of the composition of the constitutive elements of the crime of bribery, the key point of interpretation should be shifted from the briber to the recipient, that is, the civil servant. The question of whether the recipient commits a breach of duty should be taken as the criterion in judging whether the interests are "lawful". Therefore, although "the consideration relationship between the breach of duty and giving of money or property" does not exist in the legislative text, this element should be taken into consideration in interpreting the constitution of the crime of bribery. A breach of duty can take two forms:violation of rules and breach of principles. In the application of Article 12 Paragraph 1 of the Judicial Interpretation on the crime of bribery issued by the Supreme People's Court in 2012, it is advisable to ignore the redundant provision referring to "the illegality of substantial interests." In the application paragraph 2 of this article, focus should be put on the "recipient" rather than the "briber." In addition, it is necessary to differentiate legitimate discretion from arbitrary duty behavior, such as charging of acceleration fees. Also, attention should be paid to such key issues as the violation of equitable principles, competitive advantage and emotional investments.
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