故意杀人罪死刑裁量机制的实证研究
王越故意杀人罪死刑裁量机制的实证研究
Empirical Study on the Mechanism for the Imposition of the Death Penalty in Cases of Intentional Homicide
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：王越
单位：北京大学法学院
中文关键词：故意杀人罪;死刑;实证研究
英文关键词：intentional homicide;the death penalty;empirical analysis
中文摘要：
实证分析发现，将刑法第48条的有关规定理解为"责任刑情节决定是否判处死刑，预防刑情节决定是否判处死刑立即执行"的学术观点与司法实务的死刑裁量实践不符，基于此提出的死刑司法控制方案的理论基础和实际功用值得怀疑。现阶段故意杀人罪的死刑裁量更可能是一种减法机制：对于有死亡结果的案件，原则上判处死刑，但有足够从宽情节的，不判处死刑；对于被判处死刑的案件，原则上判处死刑立即执行，但有足够从宽情节的，判处死刑缓期执行。为实现死刑的司法控制，须将死亡结果作为判处死刑的必要非充分条件，变减法机制为加法机制，建立严格的死刑从严情节体系和指导性的死刑从宽情节体系；对于有死亡结果的案件，原则上判处死缓，仅对其中有死刑从严情节的考虑判处死刑立即执行，对于无死刑从严情节但有死刑从宽情节的案件，不判处死刑；对于同时存在多种量刑情节的案件，根据案件的具体情况，在实证分析和刑罚理论的指导下决定刑罚。
英文摘要：
Empirical analysis shows that the understanding of Article 48 of the Chinese Criminal Law as meaning "the application of the death penalty is determined by the extent of liability and the immediate execution of death sentence is determined by the necessity of prevention" is not in conformity with judicial practice, and that the theoretical basis and practical effect of the scheme of judicial control of the death penalty based on this understanding is questionable. Currently China adopts a subtraction mechanism for the imposition of the death penalty in cases of intentional homicide:in cases in which intentional homicide resulting in the death of the victim, the death penalty is imposed in principle, unless there are enough mitigating circumstances; those who are sentenced to death are in principle executed immediately, unless there are enough mitigating circumstances for the suspension of the execution. In order to realize the judicial control of the death penalty, China should take the death of the victim as a necessary but not sufficient condition for the imposition of the death penalty, transform the subtraction mechanism into the addition mechanism, establish a strict system of aggravating circumstances for the imposition of the death penalty and an instructional system of mitigating circumstances for the exemption from the death penalty, so that in cases of intentional homicide resulting in the death of the victim, the death penalty with reprieve is imposed in principle, the death penalty with immediate execution is imposed only if there are aggravating circumstances, and no death penalty is imposed if there are mitigating circumstances and no aggravating circumstances. In cases with multiple circumstances, the final decision on the punishment should be made under the guidance of empirical analysis and the theory of punishment in light of actual circumstances of the case.
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