免除刑罚制度的比较考察
曾文科免除刑罚制度的比较考察
A Comparative Study on the System of Exemption from Criminal Punishment
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：曾文科
单位：中国政法大学
中文关键词：免除刑罚;刑罚免除事由;缓和制裁;强化制裁
英文关键词：exemption of punishment;the cause of punishment exemption;mitigation of sanctions;strengthening of sanctions
中文摘要：
通过比较考察发现，在我国、日本和德国，虽然刑法关于免除刑罚的规定存在差异，但在实务中免除刑罚的适用均属例外情况。适用免除刑罚既可以缓和制裁，又可以通过建构“刑事程序—（非刑罚性的刑事或）行政制裁”模式来发挥强化制裁的作用，并且具备审前分流措施及形式裁判所不具备的优势。为了充分发挥免除刑罚制度在制裁多元化中的作用，就必须承认刑法第37条具有作为独立的刑罚免除事由的一面；并且通过法解释学工作，可以将强化制裁的功能纳入该条的适用范围。同时，第37条还具有作为具体的刑罚免除事由的概括性规定的一面。在这两种情况下，都可以依据第37条对相应犯罪科处非刑罚性的刑事制裁措施。
英文摘要：
From the viewpoint of criminal law provisions on punishment exemption and their practical application in China, Japan and Germany, compared to the imposition of punishment, exemption of punishment is an exception in all countries. The exemption of punishment system can not only mitigate sanctions, but also strengthen sanctions by constructing the "criminal procedure-(non-punitive criminal or) administrative sanctions" mode. When administrative sanctions are more effective than criminal punishment, the effectiveness of the sanctions, the efficiency of the procedures connected to the sanctions, the prohibition of double punishment, the principles of legality and due process must all be taken into account. Exemption of punishment has the advantages that are lacking in pre-trial diversion measures or formal trial. In order to give full play to the role of exemption of punishment in the diversification of sanctions, Article 37 of the Chinese Criminal Law must be interpreted as an independent cause of punishment exemption in the direction of strengthening sanctions. On the other hand, when criminal law provisions do not provide concrete causes of punishment exemption, this article play the role of an independent cause of punishment exemption in the direction of mitigating sanctions; but when criminal law provisions provide concrete causes of punishment exemption, this article is just a general provision on concrete causes of punishment exemption. And, in any case, it is possible to impose non-punitive criminal sanctions in accordance with this article.
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