保险法因果关系判定的规则体系
武亦文保险法因果关系判定的规则体系
Rules on the Determination of Causation in Insurance Law
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：武亦文
单位：武汉大学法学院
中文关键词：保险法;因果关系;近因规则;保险责任
英文关键词：insurance law;causation;proximate cause;insurance liability
中文摘要：
保险法因果关系的判断只涉及责任成立的问题，而同责任范围并无关联。在因果关系能够确定的情形下，应当在类型化基础上适用不同的因果关系判定规则。前后相继型因果关系是英美法中适用效力标准的主力近因规则的前提。同时作用型因果关系中，进一步区分同时独立作用型和同时协同作用型两种型态，前者宜以充分条件为判定规则，后者应以条件说判定因果关系，但由于条件说无法在积极意义上肯定保险责任的成立，故需结合其他责任判断要件判定保险人是否应承担保险责任。介入其他因素型因果关系中，应考察介入原因力得否中断先前因果关系发展型态。在因果关系不明的情形下，应考察当事人对因果关系不明的可归责性，在此基础上借举证责任解决保险责任承担问题。若双方对于因果关系不明均不具归责性，法院可根据具体案情判决保险人按照相应比例赔付。保险人责任承担的判断以保险法因果关系的判断为基础，但仍须结合其他因素认定。
英文摘要：
The rules on the judgment of the causation in insurance law are different from those in tort law in that they are related to only the establishment of liability, but not the scope of liability. When the causality can be determined, different rules on the determination of causality should be applied to different types of causal relations. In the case of a chain of events, the efficient proximate cause rule should be applied. In the case of concurrence, causal relations can be further divided into two different types:the dependent type and the reciprocal type. A cause that belongs to the dependent type is a sufficient condition, whereas a cause that belongs to the reciprocal type should be judged by the "but-for" test. Because the "but-for" test cannot affirm the establishment of an insurance liability in the positive sense, it is necessary to judge whether the insurer should bear the insurance liability by combining the "but-for" test with other responsibility judgment elements. When there are intervening factors in the causal process, it is necessary to consider whether the intervening factors break off the causal process. When the causation is obscure, it is necessary to first examine the blameworthy of both parties for the obscurity, then judge the liability of the insurer by means of the burden of proof or the transfer of burden of proof. If both parties are not accountable for the obscurity, the insurer should indemnify the claimant according to their respective proportions. Despite the fact that the judgment of the establishment of liability is based on the causation recognition, other factors should still be taken into consideration in drawing the conclusion.
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