离婚协议中的“赠与子女财产”条款研究

离婚协议中的“赠与子女财产”条款研究

A Study on the “Gift to the Children” Clause in Divorce Agreements

    期刊名称：《法学研究》
    期刊年份：
    作者：陆青
    单位：浙江大学光华法学院
    中文关键词：离婚协议;赠与;任意撤销权;离婚财产清算协议;为第三人利益合同
    英文关键词：divorce agreement;donation;right of revocation at will;liquidation clause in divorce cases;contract for the benefit of third parties
    中文摘要：
    针对离婚协议中的“赠与子女财产”条款，主流理论和实践在肯定其具有“赠与”性质的前提下，就其能否适用合同法第186条关于赠与合同的任意撤销权的规定，产生诸多争议。通过考察离婚协议中财产处理约定的整体性可以发现，此类条款在性质上属于夫妻婚姻关系解除下的财产清算协议，虽名为“赠与”，实则缺乏赠与的意思，不应界定为赠与协议，进而可以排除合同法第186条的适用。作为身份法上的“离婚财产清算协议”，离婚协议中的“赠与子女财产”条款涉及多方利益之平衡，须综合考察夫妻之间的财产清算关系、夫妻针对子女的为第三人利益合同关系、对外与债权人的关系三重维度以确定具体法律适用规则。
    英文摘要：
    Mainstream legal scholars and practitioners in China, while recognizing the "gift to the children" clause as a donation clause, disagree on the applicability of Art. 186 of Chinese Contract Law, which gives a donor the right of revocation at will. Actually, according to the general principle of termination of contract in the regime of contract law, the "gifts to children" clause in divorce agreements, like the "division of marital property" clause, is a liquidation clause in divorce. It is only from the perspective of liquidation of marital property in divorce that we can explain the complex "integration" of different clauses in a divorce agreement. So, in spite of its name, the "gift to the children" clause is in fact a liquidation clause in the case of divorce, because the parties to the agreement do not have the "animus donandi". The real purpose of the clause is to regulate the complicated situation of liquidation of martial properties, rather than donation, at the termination of the marriage relationship. Therefore, the aforementioned Article 186 should not be applied to this situation. To determine the specific application of law, we need to comprehensively investigate the following three relationships from a "three-dimensional point of view", i.e., the relationship between the divorcing parties, the relationship between the parents and the children, and the relationship between the divorcing parties and their creditors.
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