判例自发性运用现象的生成与效应
顾培东判例自发性运用现象的生成与效应
Causes and Effects of Spontaneous Application of Precedents
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：顾培东
单位：四川大学法学院
中文关键词：判例自发运用;裁判文书上网;案例指导制度;司法改革
英文关键词：spontaneous application of precedents;publishing judgments online;case guidance system;judicial reform
中文摘要：
司法实践中，各主体自发运用判例参照比附待诉、待决案件的现象，正在我国悄然而广泛地兴起。不同于案例指导制度，判例自发性运用现象有其自身的一系列特征。这种现象生成的外部因素在于裁判文书上网所形成的“互联网+”效应，而内在因素主要包括我国司法中规范资源的不足与缺失、司法自我认同与社会认同的广泛形成、诉讼特征的重要现实变化等。在这种自发性运用中，判例与待决案件情境的匹配性、诉讼主体运用判例的利己激励、主体在运用中的竞争与博弈、对案件处理合理性的趋从，能够有效地促进司法审判中法律适用水平的提高，尤其是能够有效地汇聚和运用人民法院整体智慧与经验，随机地解决各种疑难、复杂或新类型案件，并为人民法院的整体发展开辟新的路径。判例自发性运用现象对法学理论研究的转型与深化，对法律规范体系及法律规范生成机制的改善，亦能产生重要影响。
英文摘要：
An unnoticed phenomenon is currently emerging in judicial practice in China:all participants of litigation are spontaneously evaluating pending cases by making reference to precedents. In sharp contrast to the case guidance system, spontaneous application of precedents has its unique characteristics. The phenomenon is externally caused by the "Internet+" reform, which requires courts to publish their judgments on the website "China Judgments Online", and internally driven by the insufficiency of rules and norms, the extensive formation of judicial self-identification and social identification, and the change of important features of litigation. In this process of spontaneous application, the connection between the precedent and the case to be adjudged, the self-motivation of, and the competition and game-playing between, litigants in the application of precedents, and the legitimacy of the handling of cases could effectively improve the quality of application of law in judicial practice. In particular, it could give full play to the wisdom and experience of the court system in the trial of difficult and complex cases. Moreover, the phenomenon of spontaneous application has also significant influence on the transformation and deepening of the research on legal theories and the improvement of legal norms and the mechanisms for their generation. Finally, it could also enable China to benefit from the advantages of case law while maintaining the basic civil law system, which, in terms of development trend, is for sure to bring about a profound revolution in the judiciary system.
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