直接适用的法与相关制度的体系平衡
张春良直接适用的法与相关制度的体系平衡
Systematic Balance of Overriding Mandatory Rule with other Related Mechanisms in Chinese Private International Law
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：张春良
单位：西南政法大学
中文关键词：涉外民事关系法律适用法;直接适用的法;法律规避禁止;公共秩序保留
英文关键词：the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Laws Applicable to Foreign-Related Civil Relations;overriding mandatory rule;anti-evasion of law;public order reservation
中文摘要：
直接适用的法是我国冲突法中的新制度，但其针对的却是在入法前就较为普遍存在的旧问题。我国司法实践通过法律规避禁止、公共秩序保留及法律选择的除外条款等替代措施，对其入法前的制度空缺予以补救，形成制度间的体系性平衡。由于存在共同的公共关切，它的入法挤压了替代制度的功能边界，造成竞合适用的制度干扰。各制度在适用位序上的落差及功能侧重的差异，本应避免制度干扰，但因直接适用的法在界定及适用上的结果导向以及各制度功能特征的弱化乃至丧失，使被隔离开来的各制度再生适用干扰之乱。应通过法律规避禁止制度的功能转向，使其从仅保护法院地法中的强制性规范转为多边保护相关法律体系，以此错开直接适用的法的关注点；通过公共秩序保留制度的功能减负，由直接适用的法肩承其积极功能，公共秩序保留制度仅退守其消极功能。如此可勘定三种制度的适用边界与位序，重建三制度间的体系性再平衡。
英文摘要：
Although the overriding mandatory rule is a new system established by the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Laws Applicable to Foreign-Related Civil Relations, it deals with a common issue that has existed long before the law was adopted. Before the adoption of this rule, China had resorted to such alternative mechanisms as anti-evasion of law, public order reservation and escape clause, which together have maintained a systematic balance in judicial practice to remedy this institutional deficiency. Due to the existence of common public concerns, after the overriding mandatory rule is written into the law, it has compressed the functional boundaries of alternative mechanisms, resulting in conflicts of applications. Theoretically, differences among different mechanisms in the applicable hierarchy and functional preference should have enabled them to avoid the conflicts of application among different rules. However, because of the result-oriented feature of the overriding mandatory rule in definition and application and the weakening or even the total loss of the functional emphasis of alternative mechanisms, various distinct rules re-intertwine with each other and once again produce conflicts of application. Systematic rebalance should be achieved through the determination of application boundaries and hierarchies of respective mechanisms. Accordingly, functional shift of the rule of anti-evasion of law can be made from protecting the mandatory rule of forum law to protecting related systems of law and the function of the rule of public order reservation can be divided into positive one afforded by overriding mandatory rule and the negative one afforded by public order reservation.
全文阅读： 点击下载
