动产抵押的登记对抗原理
庄加园动产抵押的登记对抗原理
Registration Confrontation of Chattel Mortgage
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：庄加园
单位：上海交通大学凯原法学院
中文关键词：登记对抗;动产抵押;声明登记制;善意第三人
英文关键词：registration confrontation;chattel mortgage;notice filing system;goodwill third person
中文摘要：
立法者在引入动产抵押时，只借鉴了相对粗陋的规则，既未考虑到担保物权在担保人破产、遭受强制执行时的作用，也未考察声明登记制的公示原理，使其不仅难以发挥预期功效，而且在理论上屡遭误解。动产抵押的登记对抗要件并非用于解决无权处分时的所有权归属，而是具有不同于不动产登记的消极公示、分配清偿顺位、防止欺诈的功能。未经登记的动产抵押权仍具支配权属性，但其优先受偿顺位在破产、强制执行程序中都处于相对劣后的地位。若抵押人将其未经抵押登记的动产无权转让给他人，未登记的抵押权命运应视物权法第106条而定。
英文摘要：
When the chattel mortgage was introduced into China, only relatively rough rules were transplanted. The legislator neither considered the role of the chattel mortgage in the bankruptcy and enforcement of the guarantor, nor examined the publicity principle of the notice filing system. As a result, chattel mortgages are not only unable to function as expected, but also theoretically misunderstood in China. Registration confrontation element of chattel mortgages has the functions of negative publicity, priority allocation, and prevention of fraud. Negative publicity means that if a chattel mortgage is not registered, it cannot be paid in preference to other security rights. Therefore, if the chattel in question is not registered, the creditor does not have to take further investigation measures. The effect of priority allocation allows the mortgagee to determine the outcome of the priority competition with other interested parties on the basis of the registration time. Since a secret security right would make the debtor's property superficially unburdenable, it may constitute fraud against ordinary people. Therefore, the registration system is regarded as some form of insurance against creditor fraud. An unregistered chattel mortgage is not an obligation right, but still a real right. It is in a relatively inferior position in term of priority in bankruptcy and enforcement procedures. If the mortgagor has no right to transfer unlicensed chattels to a third party, the fate of the unregistered mortgage shall be determined in accordance with Article 106 of the Property Law.
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