集体法益的刑法保护及其边界
孙国祥集体法益的刑法保护及其边界
Criminal Law Protection of Collective Legal Interest and Its Boundary
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：孙国祥
单位：南京大学法学院
中文关键词：法益;集体法益;个人法益
英文关键词：legal interest;personal legal interest;collective legal interest
中文摘要：
法益的本源性价值在于保护个人自由，集体法益的核心则是维护秩序。集体法益在形式上与个人自由是此消彼长的关系，但二者并非完全对立。真正和稳定的个人自由，只有在社会共同体中通过各种制度性安排才能实现。自由的内在逻辑决定了，刑法保护集体法益通常也是在维护个人自由，是自由发展的必要外在条件。传统上以个人法益保护为中心的刑法，无法有效回应现代社会的各种风险和挑战，于是集体法益的保护在现代刑法中呈现扩张趋势。面对这一现象，不应过于夸大集体法益的抽象性、模糊性，从而全盘否定集体法益扩张的必要性和正当性。不过，集体法益也极具工具性扩张潜能，对集体法益的扩张仍需警惕。通过嵌入个人法益因素并以此作为刑法保护集体法益的“门槛”，可以适度消解集体法益与个人法益的紧张关系。
英文摘要：
The original value of legal interest lies in the protection of individual freedom and the core of collective legal interest is to maintain order. Collective legal interest appears to be in an entanglement with personal freedom, but they are not completely opposite to each other. Real and stable individual freedom can be realized only through various institutional arrangements in society. The internal logic of freedom determines that, by protecting collective legal interests, the criminal law usually also upholds individual freedom and constitutes the necessary external social conditions for free development. Because the traditional criminal law, which is centered on the protection of personal legal interest, cannot effectively respond to the various risks and challenges of modern social life, the protection of collective legal interest is expanding in modern criminal law. It is not advisable to exaggerate the abstractness and ambiguity of collective legal interest and completely deny the necessity and legitimacy of criminal law expansion. However, collective legal interest is not only the interest of the people, but also has a potential of instrumental extension. The image and function of collective legal interest still need cautious thinking. The ease of the tension between collective and individual legal interests can be achieved by embedding factors of personal legal interest as an entry-level condition for criminal law protection, so as to highlight the contours and boundaries of collective legal interests in a society ruled by law. In this sense, collective legal interest can also play a critical role in preventing the over-expansion of criminal law protection.
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