民法典编纂视野下合同法第402条、第403条的存废
方新军民法典编纂视野下合同法第402条、第403条的存废
Retention or Abolition of Articles 402 and 403 of the Contract Law from the Perspective of the Codification of the Civil Law
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：方新军
单位：苏州大学王健法学院
中文关键词：间接代理;不公开本人的代理;介入权;选择权;合同相对性;名义标准
英文关键词：indirect agency;undisclosed agency;right of intervention;right of choice;the privity of contract;nominal standard
中文摘要：
合同法第402条、第403条的原初立法目的是为了解决外贸代理的特殊问题，在合同法立法过程中上述条文的体系位置和具体内容数易其稿。由于对所移植的制度的了解不彻底和本国特殊因素的刺激，上述条文的内容出现了严重异化。尤其是第402条，其既不属于大陆法系，也不属于英美法系。第402条将第403条代表的不公开本人代理制度对合同相对性的冲击放大了若干倍，对第三人的影响非常大。在原初的立法背景消失以后，第402条、第403条在司法实践中引发了诸多乱象。上述条文的存在不但没有起到简化法律关系的作用，反而被当事人频频用来逃避责任、规避法律。各级各地法院的判决经常出现理解不一和同案不同判的现象。民法典编纂中，应该将第402条彻底删除，第403条则可以通过改变体系位置和明确限制条件予以保留。这样一方面可以维持合同相对性原则不动摇，另一方面也可以弥补传统大陆法系在受托人破产时可能出现的不公平问题。
英文摘要：
The original legislative purpose of articles 402 and 403 of the 1999 Contract Law was to solve special problems in foreign trade agency. The location and content of these two provisions changed from time to time during the legislation process. Later, due to the lack of a thorough understanding of the transplanted system and the stimulation by some special domestic factors, severe alienations have happened to these provisions, especially Article 402, which belongs to neither the civil law system nor the common law system. Article 402 magnifies many times the effect of the system of undisclosed agency on the privity of contract provided for by Article 403, and this has a great impact on third parties. Now the original legislative purpose has already faded out, but the provisions remain, causing frequent judicial chaos. Specifically, these two provisions do not make the law clearer, but on the contrary are used by parties to evade liabilities and other legal consequences. Moreover, different courts have different understandings of these provisions. As a result, like cases are rarely treated alike. It is suggested that, in the upcoming Civil Code, Article 402 should be deleted completely and Article 403 should modify by changing its location in the code and adding qualifications to it, so as to better maintain the privity of contract, while at the same time remedying the unfair treatments in the event of the agent's insolvency in traditional civil law jurisdictions.
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