书面形式与合同的成立
朱广新书面形式与合同的成立
Written Form and Formation of Contract
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：朱广新
单位：中国社会科学院法学研究所
中文关键词：合同的成立;合同的形式;形式自由;形式强制;书面形式
英文关键词：formation of contract;form of contract;freedom of contract form;form coercion;written form
中文摘要：
合同原则上自成立时生效。合同的成立是决定合同是否及何时具有法律约束力的决定性环节。在对"要约-承诺"缔约模式作出具体规定后，我国合同法还为应采取书面形式或合同书形式订立的合同确立了特别的合同成立规则，如"自当事人签字或者盖章时合同成立"及"一方履行主要义务，对方接受的，该合同成立"。系统地看，这些特别规则不仅在法学理论、法律逻辑及规范体系上存在明显缺陷，而且在交易实践中引发合同"倒签"、交易机会主义等不良现象。对合同形式自由与形式强制之间的关系、签字或盖章的规范意义、法定书面形式的构成要件及不遵守书面形式的法律后果缺乏深入、系统的理解，是形成立法瑕疵的主要原因。民法典合同编有必要对书面形式与合同成立之间的规范关系设计新的构造。
英文摘要：
In principle,a contract takes effect at the time of its formation.The formation of a contract is a decisive procedure that determines whether and when the contract is legally binding.In addition to making specific provisions on the contracting mode of "offer-acceptance",Chinese Contract Law also establishes some special rules for the formation of contracts that should be concluded in the written form,such as "the contract is formed when both parties sign or affix a seal on it",or "if one party has performed its main obligation and the other party has received it,the contract is formed".Systematically speaking,these rules not only have obvious defects in legal theory,legal logic and normative system,but also lead to such undesirable contracting phenomena as "reverse signing" of contract and trading opportunism in transaction practice.The main causes of the legislative defects are the lack of deep and systematic understanding of the relationship between freedom of contract form and form coercion,the normative significance of signature or seal,the constituent elements of statutory written form,and the legal consequences of non-compliance with written form.It is necessary for the Title of Contract in the Chinese Civil Code to construct a new normative relationship between written form and contract formation.
全文阅读： 点击下载
