刑事证据分布理论及其运用
冯俊伟刑事证据分布理论及其运用
Theory of Distribution of Criminal Evidences and Its Application
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：冯俊伟
单位：山东大学法学院
中文关键词：证据分布；证据收集；指引类罪证据规则；证明标准
英文关键词：distribution of evidences, evidence collection guidance, evidence rules for same type of crimes, standards of proof
中文摘要：
刑事证据法的研究除了对证据排除规则的研究，还应当回到证据问题的原点，即犯罪行为发生后的证据分布问题，这是证据收集、保管、移送、运用等问题的起点。刑事证据分布理论意在阐释不同罪名之下证据分布不一，同一罪名下证据分布具有一定规律性的现象。刑事证据分布受到法律规定、社会环境、技术发展等内在、外在因素的影响，应当调整内在和外在条件，改善案件中的证据分布状况，使更多的证据进入刑事诉讼，从而促进理性裁判。刑事裁判文书中对证据种类的记载只是证据分布状况的一种“映射”，而非证据分布的真正体现，对之不应作僵化理解。刑事证据分布理论有助于促进我国证据法学理论的科学化、精细化，为证据收集指引的相关实践提供理论参照，促进类罪证据规则的构建，也有助于促进统一证明标准在不同类罪中的多元化实现。
英文摘要：
The research of criminal evidence law should not only focus on the exclusionary rules of evidence, but also return to the “origin” of evidence by paying attention to the distribution of evidence after the occurrence of crimes, which is the starting point of the collection, storage, transfer, and application of evidence. The theory of distribution of criminal evidence aims at demonstrating that the distribution of evidence is different for different types of crimes, that the distribution of evidence for the same crime has certain regularity, and that the distribution of evidence in different individual cases is different for the same crime under the influence of external conditions. The distribution of criminal evidence is affected by law, social environment, technological progress, etc. China should adjust the internal and external conditions that affect the distribution of evidence and improve the distribution of evidence in individual cases, so as to enable more evidence to enter into criminal proceedings and promote the formation of rational judgment. The recording of the types of evidence in criminal judgments is a kind of “mapping” of the distribution of evidence, but not the real reflection of the distribution of evidence, and should not be understood in a rigid way. The theory of distribution of criminal evidence helps to promote the scientific and refined development of evidence law theory in China, to provide theoretical guidance for the practice of evidence collection, to promote the construction of evidence rules for same type of crimes, and to diversify unified standards of proof in different types of criminal cases.
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