婚姻缔结行为的效力瑕疵——兼评民法典婚姻家庭编草案的相关规定
李昊王文娜婚姻缔结行为的效力瑕疵——兼评民法典婚姻家庭编草案的相关规定
Validity Defects in Conclusion of Marriage
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：李昊王文娜
单位：北京航空航天大学人文与社会科学高等研究院暨法学院；德国法兰克福大学法学院
中文关键词：婚姻缔结行为；效力瑕疵；无效婚姻；可撤销婚姻
英文关键词：conclusion of marriage, defects of validity, invalid marriage, voidable marriage
中文摘要：
婚姻缔结行为指的是男女双方当事人在婚姻登记机关旨在通过缔结婚姻的意思表示取得结婚法律效果的法律行为。民法典婚姻家庭编对婚姻缔结行为的调整应与民法总则规定的法律行为体系相协调。民法典婚姻家庭编草案确立了婚姻无效和婚姻可撤销的二元效力瑕疵体系，这不同于德国民法典创设的面向未来无效的婚姻可废止制度。从具体的效力瑕疵事由来看，“二审稿”以封闭性规范明确了导致婚姻无效的事由，以开放模式规定了导致婚姻可撤销的事由，但仍存在与民法总则进一步协调的空间。在导致婚姻无效的事由方面，应删除“二审稿”第828条第4项规定的婚姻无效情形，增加通谋虚伪“假结婚”导致婚姻无效的规定。在导致婚姻可撤销的事由方面，民法总则有关欺诈、胁迫的规定可适用于婚姻缔结行为，应删除“二审稿”第829条和第830条的重复性规定，而民法总则规定的重大误解和显失公平不构成婚姻可撤销事由，需要在婚姻家庭编中明确规定其不予适用。婚姻家庭编还需明确存在形式瑕疵的婚姻亦为可撤销婚姻。
英文摘要：
Conclusion of marriage refers to the juristic act by a couple to achieve the effect of marriage through their declaration of intentions at the marriage registration agency. The regulation of the conclusion of marriage in the marriage and family law of the civil code should be coordinated with the system of juristic acts regulated by the General Rules of Civil Law. From the perspective of validity defects, the second reviewed draft of the Marriage and Family Law of the Chinese Civil Code establishes a binary system composed of invalid and voidable marriages, which is different from the unitary system of dissolution of marriage regulated in the German Civil Code. From the viewpoint of the causes of validity defects, the second reviewed draft stipulates the conditions of invalid marriage with defined causes, but regulates the conditions of voidable marriage with open ones. As far as the causes of invalid marriage are concerned, Article 828 Paragraph 4 of the second reviewed draft needs to be deleted and fake marriage should be added as invalid marriage. As far as the causes of voidable marriage, on the one hand, the provisions of the General Rules of the Civil Law on deceit and duress should be applied to the conclusion of marriage, so that the repetitive provisions of articles 829 and 830 of the second reviewed draft are not necessary. On the other hand, material mistake and unconscionability are not causes of voidable marriage, so that it is necessary to be clearly precluded. The second reviewed draft should also stipulate that marriage defect in form is voidable marriage.
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