行政执法和解的模式及其运用
方世荣白云锋行政执法和解的模式及其运用
Modes of Administrative Law Enforcement Reconciliation and their Application
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：方世荣白云锋
单位：中南财经政法大学、法治发展与司法改革研究中心；上海交通大学凯原法学院
中文关键词：行政执法；执法和解；行政裁量；执法效率
英文关键词：administrative law enforcement, law enforcement reconciliation, administrative discretion, law enforcement efficiency
中文摘要：
执法和解作为一种执法方法，能够发挥提高执法效率、节约行政成本、化解执法纠纷等重要功能。丰富多样的执法活动和执法场景决定了执法和解的运用不能局限于某一固定模式，而需要有多样化的安排。和解的适用前提不应限于事实或法律状态不确定且不能查明，在事实或法律状态易查或已经查清的情形下也可以进行和解。和解的意愿表达无需拘泥于双方协商谈判的形式，公示回应同样能够发挥作用。和解的实现并非只能通过签订行政契约，单方行政决定亦能实现和解。这些不同的适用前提、表意形式和实现方法经过组合变化，能够形成八种不同的执法和解模式，不同模式适用于不同的执法情境，执法主体应根据执法实践的需要灵活运用。
英文摘要：
Administrative law enforcement reconciliation, as a law enforcement method, has such important functions as improving law enforcement efficiency, saving administrative costs, and resolving law enforcement disputes. Diversified law enforcement activities and scenarios in practice require diversified arrangements for law enforcement reconciliation. The application of such reconciliation should not be limited to cases where facts and/or legal status cannot be ascertained. It can also be applied in cases in which relevant facts or legal status is easy to ascertain or already clear. Negotiation between the involved parties is not the only way to express the will of reconciliation. Also, if the administrative counterparty responses to the public reconciliation rules made by subjects of law enforcement, the same effect can be achieved as well. When it comes to its outcome, reconciliation can be realized not only by the signing of administrative contracts between involved parties, but also by unilateral administrative decisions. These different combinations of preconditions, forms of expression and methods of realization can form eight different modes of reconciliation of administrative law enforcement, each of them is suitable for a corresponding situation of law enforcement. Subjects of law enforcement should apply different means of reconciliation flexibly in accordance with the needs of law enforcement practice.
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