金钱“占有即所有”原理批判及权利流转规则之重塑
孙鹏金钱“占有即所有”原理批判及权利流转规则之重塑
Reconstruction of the Rule of “Money Right Transfer”
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：孙鹏
单位：西南政法大学民商法学院
中文关键词：金钱；占有即所有；权利流转规则；价值返还请求权
英文关键词：money, possession that is all, rule of right transfer, claim for value restitution
中文摘要：
金钱的高度可替代性并不必然排除其特定性，而金钱之特定包括物理特定和价值特定两个层面。“占有即所有”原理毫无节制地保护金钱的后续受领人，也不当保护了占有人的债权人，其流通保护功能可为善意取得制度所替代。金钱占有移转时，原权利人之物权只能依移转所有权的意思而消灭，但金钱占有非因移转所有权的意思而移转时，原权利人也将因金钱丧失其价值特定性而失去物权性保护。原权利人与占有人的金钱混同后，若能确定原权利人的金钱价值仍为占有人支配，则价值特定性犹存。若混同金钱全部消耗，则价值特定性丧失。若混同金钱部分消耗，推定原权利人的金钱价值按比例减少。为合理平衡原权利人和占有人之债权人的利益，当混同金钱或其替代物价值降低时，原权利人应通过拟制信托按比例分享混同金钱之价值。价值升高时，原权利人应基于优先权回收其金钱价值。价值恒定时，可选择拟制信托或优先权对原权利人进行物权性救济。
英文摘要：
The high fungibility of money does not necessarily exclude its physical specificity. The specificity of money has two levels: physical specificity and value specificity. The principle “possession that is all” not only recklessly protects the subsequent recipients of money, but also unjustly protects the possessor’s creditor, and its function of circular protection can be replaced by bona fide acquisition. The original obligee’s real right of money extinguishes only with the intention of transferring its ownership. When in the absence of such intent, the original obligee still loses real right protection along with the extinction of the value specificity of money. When the original obligee’s money is mingled with the possessor’s, the value specificity still exists if the possessor can control the value of money, but extinguishes if the money is totally exhausted. The original obligee gets decreased money value in proportion if the mingled money is dissipated partially. To balance the interests of the original obligee and those of possessor’s creditor, the original obligee should get the value in proportion with constructive trust if the mingled money or the value of its substitute decreases. And the original obligee can get the money value back based on priority when it increases and seek real right remedy with constructive trust or priority when it keeps steady.
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