规制抽象危险犯的新路径：双层法益与比例原则的融合
蓝学友规制抽象危险犯的新路径：双层法益与比例原则的融合
A New Approach to the Regulation of Abstract Potential Damage Offense
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：蓝学友
单位：清华大学法学院
中文关键词：抽象危险犯；双层法益；比例原则
英文关键词：abstract potential damage offense, two layers of legal interests, principle of proportionality
中文摘要：
抽象危险犯保护双层法益。其中，阻挡层法益是集体法益，背后层法益是个人法益；阻挡层法益是后设的秩序型法益，背后层法益是先验的利益型法益；抽象危险犯对背后层法益仅有抽象危险，但对阻挡层法益造成了实害；阻挡层法益的观念基础是预防刑法观，背后层法益的观念基础则是自由刑法观。这一系列特征决定了，双层法益之间既非择一关系亦非并列关系，而是手段与目的的关系：保护阻挡层法益只是手段，保护背后层法益才是目的。正是这种手段与目的的关系使得双层法益结构成为以比例原则规制抽象危险犯的方法论载体。通过比例原则的适当性、必要性和均衡性审查，可以实现对抽象危险犯的立法与司法规制。
英文摘要：
Abstract potential damage offense protects two layers of legal interests: the barrier layer of legal interests, which is a kind of collective legal interests, and the back layer of legal interests, which is a kind of individual legal interests. The former is a kind of postset order, while the latter is a kind of preexisting interest; abstract potential damage offense causes only abstract potential damage to the back layer of legal interests, but it causes actual harms to the barrier layer of legal interests. The foundation of the barrier layer of legal interests is the concept of preventive criminal law, while the foundation of the back layer legal interests is the concept of liberal criminal law. This series of characteristics have determined that the relationship between the two layers of legal interests is neither alternative nor parallel, but a kind of “meanspurpose” relationship, that is, protecting the barrier layer of legal interests is only the means of protecting the back layer of legal interests, which is the purpose. It is this “meanspurpose” relationship that enables the doublelayer legal interests to become the methodological carrier of the principle of proportionality and to be introduced into the criminal law system. By introducing the principle of proportionality into the doublelayer legal interests, the goal of legislative and judicial regulation of abstract potential damage offense can be achieved. In legislation, a new abstract potential damage offense can be introduced into the criminal law only when the doublelayer legal interests conform to the principle of proportionality, and in judicial practice, when explaining the constituent elements of abstract potential damage offense, the “proportional doublelayer legal interests” should be taken as the guidance to ensure that the conclusion of interpretation conforms to the principle of proportionality.
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