组织体刑事责任论及其应用
黎宏组织体刑事责任论及其应用
Doctrine of Organizations' Criminal Responsibility and Its Application
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：黎宏
单位：清华大学法学院
中文关键词：单位犯罪;单位意思;组织体刑事责任
英文关键词：unit crime; intention of the unit; criminal liability of organization
中文摘要：
在我国刑法明文规定了单位犯罪及其处罚的情况下，再提倡单位犯罪否定论，意义不大。就单位犯罪研究而言，现在面临的重大问题是，如何在自然人刑法之下，合理认定刑法第30条、第31条所规定的单位犯罪及其处罚。单位是由人和物复杂结合而成的法律实体，具有自己独特的制度特征、文化气质和环境氛围，这些要素能够对单位中的自然人的思想和行为产生影响。在我国刑法的规定之下，单位犯罪的认定和处罚，首先应考虑单位组成人员在业务活动中实施的侵害法益行为或结果，其次必须甄别作为单位"手足"的自然人的行为是否体现单位意思。只有在单位组成人员的行为体现了单位意思时，才能处罚单位自身。在判断单位意思时，必须依据单位的结构、制度、宗旨，单位高级管理人员的决定乃至单位的政策等客观要素进行推定。在单位业务活动中出现违法结果时，应首先考虑成立自然人犯罪，之后再考虑成立单位犯罪。
英文摘要：
Under the premise that Chinese Criminal Law clearly stipulates unit crime and its punishment principle, it is of little significance to promote the negation theory of unit crime. In terms of the study of unit crime, an important issue faced by Chinese scholars is how to reasonably identify the unit crime and its punishment principle stipulated in Article 30 and Article 31 of Chinese Criminal Law under the natural person crime system. A unit is a legal entity formed by the complex combination of people and objects and has its own unique cultural temperament and environmental atmosphere, which can influence the thinking and behavior of natural persons in the unit. In the identification and punishment of unit crime under the Chinese Criminal Law, two factors must be considered. Firstly, whether the members of the unit have committed the act or caused consequence of infringement of legal interests in the course of duty activities. Secondly, whether the behavior of the members of the unit embodies the intention of the unit itself, and only the fact that the behavior does embody the intention of the unit can result in the undertaking of criminal responsibility by the unit. In the judgement of the unit's intention, the method of presumption based on objective factors must be adopted, and such factors as the purposes and structures, the decisions of the senior executives, and even the policies of the units must be taken into consideration. When unit business activities produce illegal results, the constitution of the crime of the natural person should be considered first and the constitution of unit crime could be considered afterwards.
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