风险预防原则的结构化阐释
苏宇风险预防原则的结构化阐释
A Structured Interpretation of the Risk Precaution Principle
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：苏宇
单位：中国人民公安大学法学院
中文关键词：风险社会;风险治理;风险预防原则;风险预防措施;反向证明机制
英文关键词：risk society; risk governance; the precautionary principle; precautionary measures; reverse proof mechanism
中文摘要：
风险预防原则已在全球范围的理论与实践中形成多种版本，众版本间的分歧与争论，使得构成该原则的基础性要素不断凸显，各要素间的关系也被逐步廓清。风险预防原则的基础性要素主要包括危害预期、不确定性、预防措施和证明机制，四项要素及其相互间关系决定了风险预防原则的内部结构。结构化的风险预防原则，内含积极授权原则、整体比例原则、最小最大值原则、反向证明原则四项子原则。依此检视我国风险预防的法律制度及相关实践，要进一步发挥风险预防原则的作用，需要完善不确定性条件下采取风险预防措施的法律授权，引入等级化或概率化的合比例性要求，普遍建立反向证明机制及风险预防措施动态调整机制。
英文摘要：
Many versions of the precautionary principle have been developed in theory and practice on a global scale. Differences and disputes among the proponents of different versions have given increasing prominence to the basic elements that constitute the principle, and also gradually clarified the relationship among the elements. The internal elements of the precautionary principle include the anticipation of harm, uncertainties, precautionary measures and the reverse proof mechanism. The four elements and their inter-relationships determine the internal structure of the precautionary principle. With the structured interpretation of the precautionary principle, different versions of this principle may be integrated into a “structured precautionary principle” to form some kind of normative guidance that can build jurisprudential consensus and facilitate the accumulation of practical experience. The structured precautionary principle contains four sub-principles, namely the positive authorization principle, the overall proportionality principle, the minimax principle and the reverse proof principle, which should be taken as common components in the legislation and administrative rulemaking in the realm of risk governance. China needs to examine and refine its legal practice of risk precaution in light of these four sub-principles, so as to give further play to the role of the precautionary principle. To be more specific, it should improve the mechanism for the legal authorization of precautionary measures under uncertainties, introduce requirements of hierarchical or probabilistic proportionality, and establish general mechanisms for reverse proof and dynamic adjustment of precautionary measures.
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