劳动基准法的范畴、规范结构与私法效力

劳动基准法的范畴、规范结构与私法效力

Category, Normative Structure and Private Law Validity of Labor Standard Law

    期刊名称：《法学研究》
    期刊年份：
    作者：沈建峰
    单位：
    中文关键词：劳动基准;强行法;私法效力;反射效力;双重效力
    英文关键词：labor standard; mandatory law; private law validity; reflexivity; dual-validity
    中文摘要：
    劳动基准法是保护劳动者利益的强行性法律规范的总合。根据规范的效力结构，其可以分为私法性劳动基准法、公法性劳动基准法和双重效力劳动基准法三类。立法如何安排特定劳动基准法规则的效力结构，取决于维护公共利益、保护劳动者利益以及立法技术考量等多种因素。不论何种效力结构的劳动基准法规范，最终都可以产生私法效力。对公法性劳动基准法规范而言，这主要表现为反射效力、双重效力、公法的违法控制效力等。劳动基准法对劳动关系的私法效力具体落实在劳动关系主体准入、行为有效性控制、给付义务履行等方面。对具有公法和私法双重效力的劳动基准法而言，应协调两种效力的关系，在规范内涵确定上，应以劳动法上的理解为起点，同时考虑公法本身的价值和体系，允许相关规范的内涵确定在公私法领域有所差异；在实施机制上公法救济和私法救济应并行不悖，并通过当事人选择解决其中可能的冲突。
    英文摘要：
    Labor standard law is the sum of mandatory legal norms that protect employees’ interests. According to different normative validity structures, labor standard law can be divided into three categories, that is, private labor standard law, public labor standard law and dual-validity labor standard law. The question of how legislators design the validity structure of a specific labor standard rule depends on a variety of factors, including upholding of public interests, protection of employees’ interests, legislation techniques, and so on. Whichever normative validity structure the labor standard law chooses, it will produce private law validity in the end. With respect to public labor standard norms, this will be manifested in reflexivity, dual-validity and the validity control of illegal act. The private law validity of labor standard law in labor relations is concretely embodied in such aspects as the access by subjects of labor relations, the validity control of legal behavior and the performance of labor contracts. With respect to the labor standard law with dual-validity of public law and private law, it is necessary to coordinate the relationship between the two validities. With respect to the determination of the connotations of norms, the understanding should proceed from the labor law, taking the value and system of public law itself into consideration, and the existence of different connotations of relevant norms in public law and private law should be allowed. With respect to the implementation mechanism, public remedy and private remedy should run parallel to each other, and possible conflicts between them can be resolved by the choice of parties.
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