晚清杀尊亲属罪转型中的基本问题
张一民晚清杀尊亲属罪转型中的基本问题
Basic Issues Relating to the Transformation of the Crime of Killing Elder Relatives in the Late Qing Dynasty
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：张一民
单位：
中文关键词：杀尊亲属;外祖父母;减刑主义;编纂体例
英文关键词：killing elder relatives; maternal grandparents; commutation; compilation method
中文摘要：
尊亲属的概念、法典编纂及减刑主义的司法转向是杀尊亲属罪的近代转型中的基本问题。1902年清廷一改旧律“仅叙可原之情，不拟应减之罪”的裁判惯例，首先以司法判例的形式确定了减刑主义的司法转向。1907年《刑律草案》、1910年《修正刑律草案》均拟确立外祖父母的尊亲属地位，但1911年《钦定大清刑律》终未能将外祖父母纳入尊亲属范畴，应与外祖父母的“服轻而义重”、持服与否的旧律定位直接相关。关于杀尊亲属罪宜否另立专章并章节前置，礼法两派往来说理均流露出对旧律复杂且客观的认知。总之，借助近代西方法律之“器”修剪固有礼法伦常之“道”，杀尊亲属罪的近代转型试图在维系孝道伦理的同时，平稳推进晚清新政改革。
英文摘要：
The definition of the concept of elder relatives, the compilation of the code and the change of judicial direction towards commutation are the three basic issues in the modern transformation of the crime of killing elder relatives in the late Qing Dynasty. In 1902, the Qing government changed the traditional judicial practice of “only describing the circumstances for which an offender can be sympathized with, but not commuting his sentence” in the old law, and first determined the change of judicial direction towards commutation in the form of judicial precedent. Both Xing Lv Cao An (Draft Criminal Code) (1907) and Xiu Zheng Xing Lv Cao An (Revised Draft Criminal Code) (1910) intended to establish the legal status of maternal grandparents as elder relatives, but finally Qin Ding Da Qing Xing Lv (Imperial Criminal Code of the Great Qing) (1911) did not recognize it, which was directly related to the old legal positioning of maternal grandparents. As for the question of whether a separate chapter should be set up for the crime of killing elder relatives and placed before other chapters in the Code, the communications between and the reasoning given by the two schools of Li and Fa revealed a complex and objective understanding of the old law. In short, by trimming the “Tao” of traditional Chinese law and ethics with “tools” of modern western law, the modern transformation of the crime of killing elder relatives tried to maintain the ethics of filial piety while steadily advancing the reform in the late Qing Dynasty.
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