侵权赔偿体现知识产权价值的民法原理
李承亮侵权赔偿体现知识产权价值的民法原理
Civil Law Principles of Infringement Compensation Reflecting the Value of Intellectual Property
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：李承亮
单位：
中文关键词：价值赔偿;许可使用费;可得利益损失;不当得利返还;得利返还型赔偿
英文关键词：compensation for value; license fee; loss of acquirable benefits; restitution of unjust enrichment; compensation for return of benefit
中文摘要：
除了造成知识产权消灭和对商标造成不良影响等例外情形，侵害知识产权赔偿责任的价值基础并不是知识产权在转让市场的价格，而是知识产权在许可使用市场的价格即许可使用费。侵害他人知识产权并不必然影响被侵权人及其被许可人的使用，并不必然造成可得利益损失。被侵权人没有遭受按照许可使用费计算的可得利益损失时，仍可能基于不当得利法请求侵权人为非法使用支付使用费。各知识产权单行法并未将许可使用费赔偿规定为损害填补型责任，而是规定为得利返还型责任。许可使用费赔偿在构成要件上属于侵权责任，在法律后果上却与不当得利返还相当。这个意义上的许可使用费不是推定的可得利益损失，而是使用本身的价值。只要被侵害知识产权能通过市场定价，对该知识产权的使用就能通过市场定价，被侵权人也就能请求许可使用费赔偿。在多元赔偿责任并存的法律框架内，许可使用费赔偿可以代替不当得利价值返还为被侵权人提供最低救济。侵权赔偿体现知识产权价值的主要途径不仅在于按照许可使用费确定赔偿数额，还在于按照许可使用费确定最低救济标准。
英文摘要：
Except for the exceptional circumstances such as the extinction of intellectual property and adverse effects on trademarks, the value basis of liability for infringement on intellectual property is not the price of intellectual property in the transfer market, but the price of intellectual property in the licensing market, namely the license fee. Infringement on the intellectual property of others does not necessarily affect the use by the infringed party and its licensees, or result in loss of acquirable benefits. The infringed party may still request the infringer to pay royalties for the illegal use based on the law of unjust enrichment even when he has not suffered the loss of acquirable benefits calculated according to the license fee. Intellectual property laws stipulate the licensing fee compensation not as compensation for damage, but as compensation for return of benefit. Licensing fee compensation belongs to tort liability in terms of constituent elements, but is equivalent to restitution of unjust enrichment in terms of legal consequences. The license fee in this sense is not a presumed loss of gains, but the value of the use itself. As long as the infringed intellectual property can be priced through the market, the use of the intellectual property can also be priced through the market, and the infringed party can claim compensation for license fee. In the legal framework of alternative compensation standards, license fee compensation can replace restitution of unjust enrichment to provide the infringed party with the minimum standard of relief. The main way for infringement compensation to reflect the value of intellectual property is to determine not only the amount of compensation based on the license fee but also the minimum relief standard based on the license fee.
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