我国犯罪附随后果制度规范化研究
彭文华我国犯罪附随后果制度规范化研究
Standardization of the System of Collateral Consequences of Criminal Convictions in China
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：彭文华
单位：上海政法学院刑事司法学院
中文关键词：犯罪附随后果;刑事处罚;合宪性;比例原则
英文关键词：collateral consequences of crime; criminal punishment; constitutionality; principle of proportionality
中文摘要：
犯罪附随后果是指刑法之外的法律法规、规章等规定的，对有犯罪前科者及其家庭成员或亲属适用的，对特定权利和资质的限制、禁止或者剥夺。犯罪附随后果与刑罚、保安处分等具有性质上的不同，也会给犯罪人的正常工作、学习和生活造成严重影响，其严厉性有时不亚于刑事处罚。我国犯罪附随后果的表现形式复杂多样，其消极影响随着轻罪时代的到来会愈发严重。犯罪附随后果制度的规范化应贯彻权利理念，满足宪法规定和比例原则的要求，并以风险规避理论为指导；在方法上则有立法规范、司法程序和配套制度保障之别，应采取体系化、综合化的策略；基本路径是在明确犯罪附随后果具体适用条件的基础上，建立下位规范失效制度和系统化的犯罪人权利恢复与保障制度，确立合理有效的救济机制，在相关规定竞合适用时遵循司法优先原则，并构建犯罪附随后果数据库。
英文摘要：
Collateral consequences of criminal convictions refer to the deprivation, prohibition or restriction of specific rights and qualifications applicable to people with criminal records and their family members or relatives in accordance with the provisions of laws, administrative regulations, government rules and bylaws outside the criminal law. The main differences between collateral consequences and criminal punishments lie in their sources of regulation, application conditions and procedural requirements. Collateral consequences have a serious impact on the normal work, study and life of the offender, and their severity is sometimes no less than the criminal punishment. The manifestations of the collateral consequences in China are complex and diverse, and their negative role is becoming more and more prominent with the arrival of the minor crime age. In the standardization of the system of collateral consequences, China should implement the modern concept of rights, conform to the requirements of the Constitution and the principle of proportionality, take the risk aversion theory as guidance, and adopt a systematic and comprehensive method. In the standardization of system of collateral consequences, which should be based on the specific application conditions of collateral consequences, China should establish the systems of automatic invalidation of lower-level laws that contravene upper-level laws, restore and protect the criminals’ rights systematically, establish the reasonable relief mechanism, implement the principle of judicial priority, and build a national database of collateral consequences of criminal convictions.
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