信托受托人忠实义务的功能诠释与规范重塑
杨秋宇信托受托人忠实义务的功能诠释与规范重塑
FunctionInterpretation and Norm Reconstruction of the Trustee's Duty of Loyalty
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：杨秋宇
单位：
中文关键词：信义义务;忠实义务;禁止利益冲突;自我交易;公平交易
英文关键词：fiduciary duty; duty of loyalty; no-conflict rule; self-dealing rule; fair dealing rule
中文摘要：
在信托关系中，受托人具有无法以传统信息规制手段消解的客观信息优势，并享有对信托事务的自由裁量权，存在更高的机会主义风险。忠实义务应对受托人机会主义风险的独特机理，使其成为约束信义关系的核心规范。为受益人利益积极行事，应作为受托人忠实义务中积极面向的基础性规则，强调受托人应将实现受益人利益作为行为宗旨。衡量受托人是否勤勉的注意义务应以之为前提。忠实义务中消极面向的两项禁止性规则的规范逻辑均为防范利益冲突，故禁止利益冲突规则应当吸纳禁止利益取得规则。禁止利益冲突规则派生出自我交易规则和公平交易规则，分别约束受托人与信托财产的交易和受托人与受益人的交易。我国信托法应当以第28条为中心整合忠实义务的消极规则，扩张解释自我交易规则约束的交易类型，并将受托人的关联方作为适用对象。同时增补公平交易规则，要求受托人证明其与受益人交易时已充分披露相关信息并支付公平对价。
英文摘要：
In the trust relationship, the trustee has objective information advantages that cannot be counteracted by traditional information regulation tools and enjoys discretion on trust affairs, which has a higher risk of opportunism. Because of its unique mechanism for dealing with trustees' opportunism risk, the duty of loyalty has become the core norm to restrict the fiduciary relationship. Actively promoting beneficiaries' interests should be taken as the basic rule of the trustees' duty of loyalty to emphasize that the trustees should take the realization of beneficiaries' interests as the purpose of his act. It should also be taken as the precondition for measuring the diligence of the trustee. The normative logic of the two negatively-oriented prohibitive rules in the duty of loyalty is to prevent conflicts of interest, so the no-conflict rule should include the not-for-profit rule. Derived from the no-conflict rule, the self-dealing rule and the fair dealing rule restrict the transactions between the trustee and the trust property and between the trustee and the beneficiary, respectively. The Chinese Trust Law should take Article 28 as the center to integrate the negative rules of duty of loyalty, expand the types of transaction restricted by self-dealing rule, and treat the affiliated party of the trustee as the applicable object. Fair dealing rules should also be added to require trustees to demonstrate that they have fully disclosed relevant information and paid fair consideration when dealing with beneficiaries.
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