数据确权:理路、方法与经济意义

熊丙万,何娟

数据确权:理路、方法与经济意义

Theory, Methodology and EconomicImplications ofthe Delineation of Data Property Rights


    期刊名称:《法学研究》
    期刊年份:
    作者:熊丙万,何娟
    单位:
    中文关键词:数据财产权;行为规制;持有权;使用权;经营权
    英文关键词:data property right; behavioral regulation; right to hold; right to use; right to manage
    中文摘要:
    关于数据之上应否确权的问题,当前有一种较为流行的看法,一方面基于数据的某种不确定性,认为数据确权欠缺可行性且会阻碍数据流通复用,不具有经济性;另一方面倡导一种场景化的行为规制模式,并辅之以当事人自主合同磋商机制,认为数据确权并无必要。但此种看法未能充分考虑数据市场的运行逻辑,过度放大了确权对数据流通复用的阻碍作用,且未能充分意识到行为规制模式背后隐含的确权思维,更未系统理解数据确权的社会经济意义。数据确权不等于确立一个财产所有权。相反,数据确权工作需遵循“财产权标准化”的一般原理,根据数据财产权利人与不同社会交往对象之间的社会关系熟悉度,分别构建相应标准化程度的数据财产权样态。数据财产权的标准化有助于在数据持有人与不同主体的交往活动中实质性节省交易成本,更有助于提升数据生产水平和流通效率。
    英文摘要:
    Currently there is a prevailing theory on whether it is necessary to introduce a property right regime on data. According to his theory, on the one hand, the delineation of data property rights is neither feasible given the inherent uncertainty of data nor economical as it will hinder the flow and reuse of data; on the other hand, the introduction of a scenario-based behavioral regulation model, supplemented by contract negotiation mechanisms premised on party autonomy, has rendered the property rights-based entitlement mode unnecessary. However, this theory fails to adequately apprehend the logic of the data market and therefore overstates the impediment created by property rights-based entitlement to the data flow. It also fails to fully understand the property rights-based thinking implicit in the behavioral regulation mode, let alone the overall socio-economic implications of such entitlement. Entitlement does not necessarily mean the establishment of an independent category of property rights. Instead, it needs to follow the general principle of “standardization of property rights” to construct data property rights modules standardized to the extent corresponding to the social proximity of the right holder with related subjects. Standardization of data property rights can substantially reduce transaction costs during the interactions between data holders and other subjects and improve data production and the efficiency of data circulation.
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