防卫过当的阶层式判断规则
高巍防卫过当的阶层式判断规则
The Hierarchical Rule for Judging Excessive Defense
期刊名称：《法学研究》
期刊年份：
作者：高巍
单位：云南大学法学院
中文关键词：正当防卫;防卫过当;必要限度;刑事可罚性
英文关键词：justifiable defense; excessive defense; necessary limits; criminal punishability
中文摘要：
在防卫过当的认定中,一元论和二分说都存在不合理之处,应当构建阶层式的防卫过当判断规则。具体而言,可区分为递进的两个阶层分别进行判断。第一阶层为防卫过当的质的判断,即对防卫行为必要限度的判断。对必要限度的判断采取必要说,具体从有效性、最小强度手段两个方面展开。第二阶层为防卫过当的量的判断,即对刑事可罚性的判断。在区分不罚的防卫过当和可罚的防卫过当的基础上,对超过必要限度的防卫行为进行可罚性判断。只有在具有刑事可罚性时,才作为可罚的防卫过当进行刑事处罚。同时,在可罚性的判断方法上,应当把可罚性判断确定为整体性判断:一方面,“明显”与“重大损害”统一于可罚性之中;另一方面,提示“明显”和“重大损害”的事实性要素,可相互补充、相互辅助。
英文摘要：
In the determination of excessive defense, both the unitary theory and the dichotomous theory exhibit certain unreasonableness, necessitating the establishment of a hierarchical rule for judging excessive defense. Specifically, it can be divided into two strata for the judgment. The first stratum involves the assessment of the “quality” of excessive defense, which pertains to the necessary limits of the defensive acts undertaken. The necessity theory is employed to determine whether the defensive acts are necessary, taking into consideration factors such as effectiveness and the minimum intensity. The second stratum involves the evaluation of the “quantity” of excessive defense, which concerns criminal punishability. On the basis of distinguishing between non-punishable excessive defense and punishable excessive defense, a judgment is made on the punishability of the act of defense that exceeds the necessary limit. Criminal punishment can be imposed only when criminal punishability exists. Meanwhile, in terms of methodology, the determination of punishability should be established as a holistic judgment. On the one hand, “obviousness” and “significant harm” are unified in the notion of criminal punishability. On the other hand, factual elements indicating “obviousness” and “significant harm” can complement and support each other.
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